Chapter 11 – Part 4 The Cardiovascular System

Major Arteries Be able to identify the following 15 arteries: Aorta – Largest artery of the body Ascending aorta Aortic arch Thoracic aorta Abdominal aorta Coronary arteries Carotid arteries Brachial artery Renal artery Axillary artery Radial artery Ulnar artery Iliac artery Femoral artery Popliteal artery Anterior tibial artery

Major Arteries of Systemic Circulation

Major Veins Be able to identify the following 18 veins: Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Jugular veins Renal vein Femoral vein Great saphenous vein Popliteal vein Anterior tibial vein Fibular vein Iliac vein Cephalic vein Brachial vein Basilic vein Radial vein Ulnar vein Axillary vein Great cardiac vein Hepatic portal vein

Major Veins of Systemic Circulation

Arterial Supply of the Brain A continuous supply to the brain is crucial, since a lack of blood flow for even a few minutes causes the delicate brain cells to die. Supplied by two pairs of arteries: the carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries. Has a complete circle of connecting blood vessels called the Circle of Willis, which surrounds the base of the brain. Provides more than one route for blood to reach brain tissue in case of a clot or impaired blood flow anywhere in the system.

Arterial Supply of the Brain

Hepatic Portal Circulation Hepatic Portal Vein Drain the digestive organs, spleen, and pancreas Deliver this blood to the liver Liver - Key organ involved in maintaining the proper glucose, fat, and protein concentrations in the blood Blood “takes a detour” through the liver Some of the nutrients in the blood are removed or processed Veins feed into the liver

Circulation to the Fetus Since the lungs and digestive system are not yet functioning in a fetus, all nutrient, excretory, and gas exchanges occur through the placenta. Nutrients and oxygen move from the mother’s blood into the fetal blood Fetal wastes move from the fetal blood to the mother’s blood

Circulation to the Fetus The umbilical cord contains three blood vessels: One large umbilical vein – carries blood rich in nutrients and oxygen to the fetus Two smaller umbilical arteries – carries CO2 and debris-laden blood from the fetus to the placenta

Circulation to the Fetus

Circulation to the Fetus As blood flows towards the heart of the fetus: It bypasses the immature liver and the nonfunctional and collapsed lungs It enters the right atrium of the heart Some of the blood entering the right atrium is shunted directly into the left atrium through the foramen ovale, a flaplike opening in the interatrial septum. The aorta carries blood to the tissues of the fetal body and ultimately back to the placenta through the umbilical arteries

Circulation to the Fetus At birth, or shortly after, the foramen ovale closes. As blood stops flowing through the umbilical vessels, they become obliterated, and the circulatory pattern becomes that of an adult.