Ch. 19 – Bacteria Notes

Peptidoglycan Cell wall Cell membrane Ribosome Flagellum DNA Pili Section 19-1 The Structure of a Eubacterium

Review: Kingdom Eubacteria and Archaebacteria; Old Kingdom = Monera Kingdom Eubacteria and Archaebacteria; Old Kingdom = Monera Unicellular Unicellular Prokaryotic, no cellular membranes, no nucleus Prokaryotic, no cellular membranes, no nucleus Auto and Heterotrophic Auto and Heterotrophic

Bacteria Identification: 1. Shape  Sphere-Shape (coccus)  Ex. Strep Throat (streptococcus), pneumonia (diplococcus), staph (staphylococcus)

Rod-Shaped (bacillus) Rod-Shaped (bacillus) Ex. Typhoid fever (caused by salmonella: Boil it, peel it, cook it, or FORGET IT! Ex. Typhoid fever (caused by salmonella: Boil it, peel it, cook it, or FORGET IT! Transmitted by ingestion of food or water contaminated with feces of infected people. Typhoid Mary – 36 years quarantined!), Transmitted by ingestion of food or water contaminated with feces of infected people. Typhoid Mary – 36 years quarantined!), Botulism (home canned foods or bad seal on canned foods.) Botulism (home canned foods or bad seal on canned foods.)

Spiral-Shaped (spirillum) Spiral-Shaped (spirillum) Ex. Syphilis Ex. Syphilis Congenital syphilis (mom gives it to fetus in utero.)

More types of syphilis (secondary).

More Bacteria Identification: 2. Cell Wall (chemical nature) – can see the wall by gram-staining! 1. Take-up Crystal Violet (purple) = Gram Positive 2. Take-up Safranine (red) = Gram Negative

ID Cont. 3. Bacterial Movement 1. Flagella – tail 2. Glide along slime (they make this themselves) 3. Some don’t move!

…and the last way to Identify bacteria 4. Oxygen Use 1. Require Oxygen – AEROBIC 2. NO Oxygen - ANAEROBIC

Growth and Reproduction Bacteria reproduce in three different ways Bacteria reproduce in three different ways 1. Binary Fission – bacteria double in size, double DNA and divide in half (asexual reproduction)

Growth and Reproduction 2. Conjugation – a hollow bridge forms between two bacteria cells and they exchange genetic information (sexual reproduction)

Growth and Reproduction 3. Spore formation – when conditions are bad, bacteria form endospores which lay dormant until conditions get better for growth. 3. Spore formation – when conditions are bad, bacteria form endospores which lay dormant until conditions get better for growth.