BELLWORK Define the following: 1.Nomadic 2.Sedentary 3.Egalitarian 4.What are the pros/cons of an egalitarian society? 5.Make a prediction – who were the first people to migrate to America? Why do you think they chose to migrate? 6.THINKER: How did America get her name?

The Earliest Americans The first Native Americans migrated to the New World through Beringia: the land bridge connecting Asia to Alaska. Over thousands of years, the native population began to expand southward and eastward.

The Earliest Americans The Native Americans were comprised of three different groups: 1.Cliff Dwellers 2.Mound Builders 3.Eastern Woodland groups

Native American Groups by 1500

Cliff Dwellers Lived in the desert Southwest Developed farming Used irrigation Built great works of architecture (underground houses, dams, spiritual centers) Formed egalitarian societies: everyone is equal; no kings or chiefs

Mound-builders Lived in the watered countryside of the Midwest Built huge burial mounds Traded widely (glass, copper, clothes, and jewelry) Worked in metal

Eastern Woodland groups Lived in forests along the East coast Practiced hunting and farming Dominated by the Iroquois Alliance. Iroquois Alliance: most populous group in the east; combined 5 Native American groups for mutual protection.

Exploration in the Americas 1,000 A.D. – The first European to reach the shores of America was Leif Eriksson. Eriksson was a Viking sailor and settled in Newfoundland for new fishing grounds. Other Europeans fought for gold and spices; especially Spain and Portugal.

Spain and Portugal: European Rivals Both European powers fought for control over western ocean routes. Christopher Columbus charted his voyage to the New World in 1492, representing Spain. Amerigo Vespucci was on a Portuguese voyage in 1501 – his writings were distributed faster than Columbus, therefore having the world named after him.

Spain and Portugal: European Rivals SPAIN: Christopher Columbus PORTUGAL: Amerigo Vespucci

“The houses of these Indians are the most beautiful I have ever seen and I swear that the closer I get to the mainland, the better they become. They’re like grand pavilions, like royal tents in an encampment without streets. One here, another there. They are well swept and quite clean inside, and the furnishings are arranged in good order. All are built of very beautiful palm prances. This land is so beautiful, I could go on praising it forever.” - Christopher Columbus - October 12, Upon first arrival in the New World (Bahamas)

European Control of the New World What did each of the European Powers want from the “New World?” Spain: America is a wealth base; not land to be developed. France: Canadian forests & fur England: Valued land ownership and saw opportunity in America.

English Colonies Why did people want to come to America and live in the English colonies? Freedom from royal oppression Freedom of religion Freedom to keep their own money

CLOSURE Who were the three main Native American cultural groups? What did each contribute to society? Who were – Leif Eriksson? Christopher Columbus? Amerigo Vespucci? Which European power established colonies in the New World? Why?

HOMEWORK – Writing Assignment In a ¾ page response, tell me about your personal history. Make sure to include the following: Your parents Early Childhood School Years Hobbies, Interests & favorites Any fun/interesting facts or stories An event that has had the MOST impact on your life Goals and aspirations for the future Think of it as writing a history book on yourself! History is everywhere!