Classification Notes. Scientists classify organisms based upon similarities.

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Presentation transcript:

Classification Notes

Scientists classify organisms based upon similarities.

Classification changes as scientists learn more information about a species and realize that it is more genetically similar to another species. One of the original classification systems consisted of two groups: plants and animals. Animals were grouped based upon where they lived: land, air or water. Plants were grouped based on size. Later, scientists grouped them based upon structure and physical characteristics.

Taxonomy - The science of grouping and naming species. Species are given two word Latin names. This two word naming system is called binomial nomenclature. (bi=two, nomen = name) The first word is the genus (group) name and the second is the species name. The first word is always capitalized and the second is always lower case and it is always typed in italics. Ex. Homo sapiens.

Organisms are classified into a hierarchical system (a system with many levels). There are 8 levels: Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Organisms are classified into a hierarchical system (a system with many levels). There are 8 levels: Did King Philip Come Over For Good Spaghetti

Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Until recently, kingdoms were the highest level of classification. There were 5 kingdoms: Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, and Monera. Scientists discovered a new type of bacteria (monera) that was so different that bacteria needed two different groups: Eubacteria and Archaebacteria. There are now 6 kingdoms: Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Eubacteria and Archaebacteria.

Major characteristics of the Animal kingdom: Eukaryotic Cells Multi-Cellular Heterotrophs

Classification of a HUMANS: Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family: Hominidae (Tribe: Hominini) Genus: Homo Species: sapien

Classification of Orangutans: Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family: Hominidae (Subfamily: Ponginae) Genus: Pongo Species: borneo

Archaebacteria and Eubacteria have such different cells, that scientists divided the kingdoms up even further into 3 domains: Archaea (Archaebacteria) Bacteria (Eubacteria) Eukarya (Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protista)

Dichotomous Keys Used to identify organisms based on characteristics Halibut Video (for Fish Sorting activity)Halibut Video