The United States and Latin America Chapter 20 Section 3

Linking the Oceans Why? Who? Effect? Where? Shorter route for ships Link Atlantic and Pacific Oceans Who? Teddy Roosevelt Effect? Improve global shipping Defend overseas empire Where? Isthmus of Panama Province of Colombia 50 miles wide Think about it: Why would this canal be expected to improve shipping and defense?

Negotiating with Colombia Roosevelt’s Offer $10 mill cash $250,000/year rent Colombians Oppose Would give US control Isthmus worth more $ Colombian Response Hold out for more $ Think about it: Do you think Colombia was right in opposing Rosoevelt’s offer?

Roosevelt’s Plan: Revolt Panama people Dislike Colombian rule Roosevelt’s action Promise help for independence Send gun boats Support rebels’ revolt Recognize Panama independence Result Criticize “gun boat diplomacy” Treaty gives U.S. control of Isthmus Think about it: Did Roosevelt do the right thing in helping Panama gain its independence so that the U.S. could gain control of the isthmus?

Building the Canal 3 tasks: Cut through mountain Dam a river Gaillard Cut Dam a river Erect locks

Building the Canal 2 obstacles: disease and Gaillard Cut Disease Malaria and yellow fever Discovery: mosquitoes cause diseases Strategy: clear brush/drain swamps where mosquitos lived Result: Successful control Think about it: Do these diseases exist today? Where? How are they controlled?

Building the Canal 2 obstacles: Disease and Gaillard Cut Gaillard Cut 9-mile ditch through mountains Problems Sun, rains, mudslides Results Many workers die Think about it: Would you expect the same amount of workers to die today if doing The same job? Why or why not?

U.S. Foreign Policy - Roosevelt Big Stick/Gun boat diplomacy If diplomacy fails, use military force U.S. is leader in West Prevent power of other nations Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine U.S. won’t allow European interference in Latin America Ex: Dominican Republic Think about it: What might be prositive and negative consequences of this type Of foreign policy?

U.S. Foreign Policy - Taft Dollar Diplomacy U.S. influence through economy Urge investment in Latin America Led to as many interventions as “big stick” Ex: Nicaragua Think about it: What might be positive and negative consequences of this foreign policy?

U.S. Foreign Policy - Wilson Moral diplomacy/watchful waiting Support and nurture democracy in the world Ex: Mexico Think about it: What might be positive and negative consequences of this Foreign policy?

Going Back… Why was a canal linking the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans believed to be necessary for the U.S.? How did the U.S. eventually acquire the Panama Canal? What 2 major obstacles arose during the building of the canal? Choose 1 president and describe his foreign policy.

Think About It…. Which president do you think had the best idea for foreign policy? Explain why you think so by describing the positive aspects of the policy and contrasting it with the negative aspects of the policies of the other 2 presidents.