Classification Unit 3.

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Presentation transcript:

Classification Unit 3

Classification Activity Please sit down if you: Are taller than 5’9” Have blonde Hair Have brown Eyes Are left-Handed

Why Classify? To study the diversity of life, biologists use a classification system to name organisms and group them in a logical manner. Taxonomy: science of classification By using a scientific name, scientists can be sure everyone is discussing the same organism. mountain lion ?  puma?  cougar ?  panther?  Scientific name = Felis concolor

Assigning Scientific Names Aristotle attempted to classify organisms based on where they lived - land, water or air. With the invention of the microscope, classifying the diversity of life became difficult. A major step was taken by Carolus Linnaeus who developed binomial nomenclature (two-name naming system.) In binomial nomenclature, each species is assigned a two-part scientific name, which is always written in italics. First name is capitalized and second is lowercase.

Binomial Nomenclature Ursus arctos Genus Species

Dichotomous Key Tool to help user identify living and non-living things. Dichotomous comes from two Greek words that together mean, “divided into two parts”. In each step of the key, only two choices are given; a direction is given or the organisms scientific name.

Dichotomous Key

Dichotomous Key Activity

Class Activity!

Make your own Dichotomous Key

Warm-Up!

Linnaeus’s System of Classification Linnaeus's hierarchical system of classification includes eight levels: Domain Kingdom  Phylum  Class  Order  Family  Genus  Species Each level is called a taxon (pl. taxa). Species: organisms that look alike and inter-breed under natural conditions.

Trick! Definitely Domain Keep Kingdom Pond Phylum Clean Class Or Order Froggy Family Gets Genus Sick Species

Read and Respond

Warm-Up! What are the eight levels of classification? What are the 3 domains? What are the 6 kingdoms?

Kingdoms and Domains Linnaeus's two kingdoms, Animalia and Plantae did not adequately represent the diversity of life. Microorganisms became kingdom Protista. Mushrooms, yeasts and molds were placed in Fungi. Later, bacteria were named kingdom Monera. More recently, kingdom Monera was subdivided into two groups: Eubacteria and Archaebacteria.

Domains Three domains Eukarya (Protists, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia) Bacteria (Eubacteria) Archaea (Archaebacteria)

Domain Bacteria

Domain Bacteria Extremely Diverse Some photosynthetic Some pathogenic (causing disease) Some need oxygen to live, others are killed by oxygen Streptococcus Escherichia coli

Domain Archaea

Domain Archaea Live in extreme environments Volcanic hot springs Brine pools Bottom of the ocean Many can only survive in the absence of oxygen Halophiles Methanogens

Domain Eukarya

Eukarya-Protista Great variety Three basic groups Animal-like Plant-like Fungi-like Amoeba Paramecium

Eukarya-Fungi Feed on dead or decaying matter Secrete digestive enzymes, then absorb small molecules Cell walls made of chitin

Eukarya-Plantae Non motile-cannot move from place to place Cell walls made of cellulose

Eukarya-Animalia Heterotrophic – must eat others to survive No cell walls

Time to Practice! Pg 461: # 3-5 Pg 463: Classify the leaves using dichotomous key Pg 465: #1-5, 8-10