ENERGY TRANSFER IN ECOSYSTEMS Unit Target: Research ways in which organsisms in an ecosystem get the materials and energy they need.

In the last unit we learned that some organisms capture the energy of the sun and turn it into a usable form- glucose. In this unit we studied the flow of energy from the sun to producers and consumers. Producers and consumers must release the energy stored in glucose in a process called cellular respiration in order to form ATP.

Learning Target: Define a food web (Knowledge) True or False? A food web can best be described as the interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem. True

True or False? The original source of energy for a food web is ATP. False: Sunlight

Energy a. Is used by plants to grow b. Is used by animals for daily activities c. Is the ability to do work d. All of the above Answer: d

Which column of words represents abiotic factors in an environment? A Abiotic Sunlight Water Soil Rocks Atmospheric gases B Biotic Plants Animals Fungi Bacteria Protists

True or False? Biotic factors in an environment are dependant on the abiotic factors? True- For example, a human (biotic) is mostly made of water (abiotic) and uses oxygen (abiotic) for cellular respiration.

On the next slide match components of a food web with their correct description.

Primary producerBreaks down organic matter HerbivoreMeat eating OmnivoreUses solar energy to make its own food CarnivorePlant and meat eating DetritivoreEats dead carcasses Scavenger Eats organic matter DecomposerPlant eating

Match components of a desert food web with specific examples. Primary producer Herbivore Carnivore Scavenger Decomposer Jack Rabbit Bacteria Buzzard Cactus Coyote

Learning Target: Interpret a food web for an ecosystem. (Reasoning) Is this a diagram of a food chain or a food web? Food chain- because it is a linear sequence of eating relationships. How many trophic levels are in this food chain? 4- producer, herbivore, carnivore, decomposer

Is the snail a primary producer? No- it is an herbivore If the shrimp population decreases what organism will be most affected? Sandpiper. They only eat shrimp. The mallard and egret eat other organisms.

Are there any omnivores in this food web? Yes- The mallard is an example. It eats terrestrial plants and shrimp. What organism not pictured would recycle the nutrients contained in the owl? A decomposer.

What term describes the trophic level of the grasshopper? Second level consumer What do the arrows in a food web represent? The direction energy flows in a food web.

Learning Target: Examine the flow of energy in an ecosystem. (skill) Which of the following is not a type of ecological pyramid? a.Energy pyramid b.Food web pyramid c.Biomass pyramid d.Numbers pyramid b.

Name the energy level

How many trophic levels are shown in this pyramid? 5 What percent of energy is available to the green fish? 0.1% How does the snail use most of its energy? For respiration, movement and reproduction.

True or False? 90% of the energy in a trophic level is lost as heat. True.

Learning Target: Define cellular respiration. (Knowledge) True or False? Cellular respiration releases energy from food. True The type of energy formed during cellular respiration is glucose. False- ATP

The two types of cellular respiration are _______________and _____________. Anaerobic and Aerobic

Learning Target: Interpret a diagram of cellular respiration. (skill)

The two reactants of aerobic cellular respiration are ( glucose / pyruvate ) and ( oxygen / water ).

Which is the correct equation for aerobic cellular respiration? a. 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy b. 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 + Energy ----  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O c. 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O ----  6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 + Energy d.6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy ----  6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 a. What type of energy is produced by cellular respiration? ATP and heat

When (carbon dioxide / oxygen ) is not present after glycolosis, the cell will carry out anaerobic respiration which can also be called ( fermentation / photosynthesis ).

Which type of fermentation is it? Pyruvic acid + NADH -  alcohol + CO2 + NAD Alcohol fermentation Pyruvic acid + NADH -  lactic acid + NAD Lactic acid fermentation Which fermentation results in sore muscles? Lactic acid- muscles don’t work well when they don’t get oxygen and are bathed in lactic acid.

Learning Target: Compare and contrast cellular respiration and photosynthesis. (reasoning) Which process is it? Produces glucose Requires oxygen Creates ATP Occurs in plants and animals Photosynthesis Aerobic cellular respiration Cellular respiration

Summary True or False? Most organisms depend on the sun as a source of energy. True Autotrophs are the only organisms that can convert the sun’s energy to usable chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis. True Both autotrophs and heterotrophs release the energy stored in foods such as glucose in a process called cellular respiration. True