War Affects the World Chapter 29 Section 3

I A Truly Global Conflict A. Fighting Rages Beyond Europe Only major power still neutral was the US Gallipoli Campaign= Allies decide to attack Dardanelles Straight – gateway to Ottoman Empire Hoped they could take Constantinople and estab. Supply line to Russia Gallipoli campaign  another stalemate (like Western Front)  Allies ambandon plan GB & France rtecruit front their colonies to fight Some fought in hopes that it would guarantee their freedom  Mohandas Gandhi

B. US Enters the War GB blockades cause food shoertages in Germany  Focus fighting on seas Germany establishes its own blockade on GB  Germany begins Unrestricted Submarine Warfare German subs will sink any ship in GB waters w/o warning Had already sunk Lusitania (American passenger ship) GB intercepts Zimmerman Note & gives to US Germany would help Mexico reconquer lands lost to US if they allied w/ Germany Zim. Note + sinking ships + Econ ties w/ allied powers  US declaring war on Allied side

II War Affects the Home Front A. Governments Wage Total War By time US joins war has gone on for 3 yrs. effects civilians WWI  Total War = countries devote all resources to war effort Gov’ts tell factories what to produce & convert factories to munitions factories Any able bodied person worked  low unemployment Short supplies  rationing = buy and sell limited amounts of goods needed for the war effort

Gov’t also suppress anti- war activity & s=censor news about the war Used propaganda = one sided information designed to persuade or keep up morale for the war War posters were main source of propaganda

IV the Allies Win the War A. Russia Withdraws from War US enters war tipping balance in allies favor Civilan unrest due to shortages  brink of gov’t collapse Czar Nicholas abandons the throne  new gov’t in place Russians refuse to continue fighting 8 months later  communist revolution led by Vladamir Lenin (seizes power) Offers Germany a truce  Treaty of Bresk-Letovsk = ended war between them Required Russia to surrender lands to Germany

B. A Failed Final Push Russia’s withdrawal allows Germany to send all troops to western front Reach Marne R. make one last push for Paris Allies and Germans clash at Second Battle of the Marne  allied victory & push towards Germany Central Powers begin to fall  Kaiser Wilhelm forced to step down  Germany declares itself a republic New German republic signs armistice Agreement to stop fighting