WTC Evacuation Study Model Knowledge (Experience) Beliefs Attitudes, Perceptions of Safety Climate, Perception of Risk, Fear, Instinct (Gut Feeling) Subjective.

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Presentation transcript:

WTC Evacuation Study Model Knowledge (Experience) Beliefs Attitudes, Perceptions of Safety Climate, Perception of Risk, Fear, Instinct (Gut Feeling) Subjective Norms Worksite Compliance and Safety Culture Behavioral Intentions Evacuation Behaviors Outcomes Individual and Organizational Factors Initiation Group Behaviors Environmental Enabling Factors Progression Final Destination Rates Injuries Long Term Health Sensory Cues

WTC1 WTC2 mean range First became aware8:46 8:46- 9:20 8:47 8:46-9:02 Made decision to leave8:51 8:46- 9:30 8:52 8:46-9:30 Began to leave8:52 8:46- 9:30 8:53 8:46-9:30 Reached street level9:32 8:46-10:28 9:15 8:46-9:58 Preliminary Quantitative Data Key Time Periods 8:00 a.m.8:46 a.m.8:55 a.m.9:02 a.m.9:59 a.m.10:28 a.m.11:00 a.m. Tower 1 (North) impact Announcement heard in Tower 2 (South) Tower 2 (South) impact Tower 2 (South) collapses Tower 1 (North) collapses

Preliminary Quantitative Data Individual Factors-Knowledge Building Participants DID NOT KNOW: 3 Stairwells Exit Locations Doors on certain floors were locked Where stairs would lead Where sky lobbies were located Thought roof might be means of escape Not sure about roof

Preliminary Quantitative Data Individual Factors-Knowledge Knowledge on Disability Preparedness: Reported having a disabled person on their floor Said a plan for disabled evacuation was in place Said co- workers were assigned to assist disabled individuals Said there was special equipment for disability evacuation

Preliminary Quantitative Data Organizational Factors-Preparedness Worker Preparedness Were never provided with written fire safety instructions Never provided with evacuation plans Reported no plans regarding where to gather after evacuating No plans for head count Were familiar with their building Were not familiar with who was in charge Had never exited the building as part of a drill Had evacuated the building prior to 9/11 at least once (1993) Had participated in fire drills, but of these, only 11% had ever entered a stairwell Were knowledgeable to evacuate on their own

Preliminary Quantitative Data How did you get home? Walked74% Commuter Rail11% Car16% Ferry16% Subway14% Bus12% Taxi 6% Where did you live? 2% lived in lower Manhattan 11% lived in other part of Manhattan 32% lived in other borough 55% lived outside of NYC How did you reach first stop?

WTC Complex NORTH EAST SOUTH west