VACCINATION ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION Jana Dáňová Third Faculty of Medicine Dept. of Epidemiology

PASSIVE IMMUNITY Pasive immunity attained naturally  transplacentar transfer of antibodies from mother to child  duration 2-6 month Pasive immunity attained artificially  application of specific protective antibodies  heterologous and homologous immunoglobulins

PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION  application of antibodies – specific immunoglobulins  application after exposure to the infection  profylactic application  therapeutic application

ACTIVE IMMUNITY Active immunity attained naturally  after apparent or inapparent infection  duration depents on type of inf.agent Active immunity attained artificially  after application of vaccines  persistence of antibodies depents on the type of a vaccine

VACCINATION ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION MOST IMPORTANT TYPE OF PREVENTION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES PRIMARY PREVENTION

HISTORY OF VACCINATION Edward Jenner - vaccination against smallpox (variola) Louis Pasteur - vaccination against rabies

VACCINE containes antigen of one or more microorganisms and after application to human or animal body causes antibody response – active immunization

TYPES OF VACCINES according methods of preparation according methods of preparation   live attenuated   inactivated (killed)   anatoxin (toxoid)   split and subunit   polysaccharide   synthetic

CORRECT TECHNIC OF VACCINATION application of appropriate vaccine excluding of exspire vaccine eligible type of application supervision 30 min. after vaccination intervals between vaccinations

 after live attenuated vaccine 4 weeks  after inactivated (killed) vaccine 2 weeks  after BCG revaccination 8 weeks  after BCG primovaccination 12 weeks  after skin tests (including tuberculin) 1 week  after immunostimulans 7 – 10 weeks INTERVALS BETWEEN VACCINATIONS

CAUSES OF LOW IMMUNITY RESPONSE  immunodeficiency inborn or acquired  contraindications  insufficiency of intervals between vaccination vaccination  bad nutritional status

BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR VACCINE  immunological efficacy  safety  stability

CAUSES OF REACTIONS AFTER VACCINATION  type of vaccine  health status of person  vaccination technic

ORGANIZATION OF VACCINATION IN CZECH REPUBLIC  vaccination is important among children, they are in childhood mostly exposed to infectious diseases  strategy of vaccination is regulated by statement of Ministry of Health  vaccination in CR against infectious diseases is divided to several groups

TYPES OF VACCINATION IN CZECH REPUBLIC  routine vaccination  special vaccination  emergency vaccination  vaccination in injueries  vaccination on request

ROUTINE VACCINATION  diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae b, poliomyelitis, viral hepatitis B  measles, mumps, rubella  viral hepatitis B of newborns HBsAg positiv mothers  pneumococcal infection   tuberculosis in specific situation

Vaccination against tubeclulosis Vaccination against tuberculosis is indicated in specific situation according statement 299/2010: 1. one or both parents, sibling, member of household had/has tuberculosis 2. child, parents, sibling, member of household, where a child lives was born or leve/lived more than 3 month in a country with higher frequency of tuberculosis than 40 cases/per child was in a contact with tuberculosis 4. indication due to anamnestic reasons

Vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae b, poliomyelitis and viral hepatitis B basic vaccination – basic vaccination – since 9.weeks 3 dosis of hexavaccine in interval of 1 month and 4th dosis applicated 6 month after 3.dosis revaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis in 5 years revaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussispoliomyelitis – revaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and poliomyelitis – 10 to 11 y. of age revaccination against tetanus – revaccination against tetanus – 25 to 26 years of age and every 10 – 15 years

Measles, mumps, rubella basic vaccination – in 15 month of age revaccination – after 6 – 10 month

Vaccination against viral hepatitis B of newborns HBsAg positiv mothers basic vaccination of newborns HBsAg positiv mothers one dose of vaccine against VHB within one dose of vaccine against VHB within 24 hours after delivery (before application of tbc vaccine), among these children continue in vaccination with hexavaccine 24 hours after delivery (before application of tbc vaccine), among these children continue in vaccination with hexavaccine

Vaccination against pneumococcal infection application of conjugated vaccine (Prevenar) in specific indication

ROUTINE VACCINATION of persons in higher risk of diseases  Influenza (every year) (every year)  infections caused by Str.pneumoniae (once among people in senior houses etc. ) (once among people in senior houses etc. )  viral hepatitis B (dialysis, sexual and familiar contact with VHB) (dialysis, sexual and familiar contact with VHB)

SPECIAL VACCINATION  viral hepatitis A + B (emergency workers) (emergency workers)  viral hepatitis B (health care workers) (health care workers)  rabies (workers in higher risk of disease) (workers in higher risk of disease)

EMERGENCY VACCINATION  vaccination in specific conditions  planed by Ministry of Health  free of charge

VACCINATION IN INJURIES  vaccination of persons - prevention of wound infections wound infections  vaccination against tetanus, rabies

VACCINATION ON REQUEST  vaccination of persons on request  use of licenced vaccines  each vaccination is paied  examples: VHA, VHB, tick - borne enc., meningococcal men., influenza etc. meningococcal men., influenza etc.

GRAPHS source NIPH

VARIOLA

DIPHTHERIA

TETANUS

TETANUS

PERTUSSIS

POLIOMYELITIS

POLIOMYELITIS

MEASLES

MUMPS

RUBELLA

VARICELLA

VIRAL HEPATITIS B

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