If the frequency of thymine in a DNA is 22%, what is the frequency of guanine? What is the monomer of a nucleic acid? List its components. Who (which scientist(s)) used bacteriophages in their experiments? Why? What is bacterial transformation? List the types of gene mutation. When does crossing over occurs? When in the cell cycle does replication occur?

List three differences between the replication of the lagging strand and the leading strand. List three differences between the chromosome behavior during mitosis and meiosis. Define nondisjunction and name one of its consequences. Name two differences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis. Define codominance. Define the law of independent assortment.

An animal has a diploid number 8. During meiosis, how many chromatids are present – In the tetrad stage – In late telophase of the first meiotic division – In metaphase of the second meiotic division Define gene linkage. Define epistasis. The ABO blood type locus has been mapped on chromosome 9. A father who has type AB blood and a mother who has type O blood has a child with trisomy 9 and with A blood. Can you tell from the information in which parent the nondisjuction occurred? Explain.

Which one of Mendel’s laws relates to the inheritance of alleles for a single character? Which law relates to the inheritance of alleles for two characters in a dihybrid cross? In tigers, a recessive allele causes the absence of fur pigmentation (white color) and a cross- eyed condition. If two heterozygous tigers to this gene are mated, what percentage of their offspring will be cross-eyed? White? What type of inheritance is this?