Art, Science, & Technology Frances Skeirik Cover of the Qu’ran

 The artwork during the post-classical period from Islam is displayed in many different forms: ◦ Pottery ◦ Paintings ◦ Architecture ◦ Sculptures ◦ Metalworking ◦ Rugs  Arabic work focused around plants and geometric figures. ◦ Such as diamonds, triangles, and parallelograms.

 The greatest literary Art was POETRY. ◦ Thousands were created during Golden Age of Islam. ◦ Sung and recited aloud in Arabic. ◦ Famous Poet: Al- Rumi  Gave insights into the beliefs of Sufis  His tomb is found in Turkey today  Qu’ran was the like representation of the human figure. ◦ Allah only created human life  Different from other art because of its geometric bases format.  Persian art was mainly focused on Muhammad.

The Umayyad Dynasty: 661 C.E C.E.

The Abbasid Dynasty: 750 C.E C.E.

 Lots of knowledge was prized in Islam society.  Society and philosophy thrived in the Islamic empire, called a caliphate.  Muslims used different Greek texts to improve and discover new things. ◦ Then called these their own. ◦ The scholars they appointed to read the texts were called Madrasas.  Muslim scholars improved upon many Greek texts.

 Science and math work side and side ◦ without math = NO scientific equations  used to help discover many things, such as medicines.  Advanced in Math ◦ Basics:  Counting started at zero.  Based off of tens  Their Arabic numerals are still used today ◦ Algebra ◦ Some geometry: (without knowing)  incorporated algebra to answer the problems  Marker Event: ◦ Development of Arabic numbers  Devised first in classical India  Spread during the Abbasid Dynasty

 Science improved a lot during the Post- Classical period for Islam.  Chemistry: ◦ At the time of caliphate, chemistry was alchemy.  Alchemy- mixture of chemistry and belief in magical transformations ◦ Ex. Scientists would try and turn silver into gold. ◦ Discovered element properties without knowing  Physical Characteristics: ignitable, shiny, ect. ◦ Advanced in different tools and techniques.  Also advances in optical science and anatomy.

 Biology (Study of all living things)  Muslims studied plants to improve agriculture and medicine.  Arabs accessed to the Mediterranean herbal medicines.  known to the Greeks  Also accessed medical plants from India and China.  Their medicines help fight very mild sicknesses  Bug bites  Rashes  Also the Muslims were intrigued by Aristotle.

 Muhammad influenced much, including technology  Some technology that was improved was: ◦ Irrigation systems-  Better irrigation system meant that the growing of plants was enhanced, which helped since they were in the desert.  Helped Muslims to become better traders.  More crops to trade ◦ Architecture-  Many magnificent buildings established:  Beautiful caliphate building (Umayyad)  Ka’ba

◦ System of communication between countries  they would get scholars to interpret the Greeks text  Trade ◦ Medicine  Helped the basic sicknesses  Bug bites, rashes, headaches, ect.  Not yet for common colds or fevers.

 Muhammad: ◦ Human prophet of the Muslims who was sent revelations from God at the age of 40.  With these revelations, he memorized different poems from Jesus, Abraham, and Moses.  At first he thought that the revelations were from demons but then finally came to the conclusion they were from God. ◦ The holy book of the Muslims is the Qu’ran.  Contains the words of Allah ◦ Fled from Mecca to Medina in 622.  Also known as the Hijra.