SOIL CHEMISTRY.

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Presentation transcript:

SOIL CHEMISTRY

Acidic or Basic; also known as . . . SOIL pH A measure of the degree to which the soil is Acidic or Basic; also known as . . . Soil Reaction

SOIL pH Technically: expressed as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration

SOIL pH At pH 7: - neutral pH - indicates H+ concentration of . . . 10-7 mol/L

SOIL pH Since the product of normalities of H+ and OH- ions is always 10-14, OH- is also 10-7 mol/L mathematically . . . (10-7)(10-7) = 10-14

SOIL pH therefore . . . at neutral pH (pH 7 on a scale from 0 to 14) amount of H+ ions = amount of OH- ions solution is neither acidic nor basic

common productive agriculture soils fall SOIL pH Most agricultural soils pH range from 4 to 9 . . . common productive agriculture soils fall between pH 5 to 8

SOIL pH 2 factors affecting pH are: 1) Amount of precipitation 2) Type of vegetation

SOIL pH AMOUNT OF PRECIPITATION – HUMID AREAS (heavy rainfall)  ACID SOILS Ca+, Mg+, and Na+ are leached downward and replaced by H+ ions

SOIL pH TYPE OF VEGETATION – Vegetation affects pH over period of years: grasslands – higher pH forests – lower pH

SOIL pH The most critical effects of soil pH are indirect . . . the availability (unavailability) of certain nutrients is greatly influenced by soil pH

SOIL pH Nutrients UNAVAILABLE at higher pH: Cu – Copper Fe – Iron Mn – Manganese Zn – Zinc

Critical with beans and peas SOIL pH additionally . . . nitrogen-fixing bacteria associated with legumes are seriously hindered in acid soils Critical with beans and peas

SOIL pH ADJUSTING SOIL pH - Crops vary considerably regarding soil pH preferences

SOIL pH AZALEA BLUEBERRY RHODODENDRON ACID SOILS

SOIL pH Mildly Acid Soils: Wheat Corn Soybean Apple Tomato

SOIL pH Neutral to Slightly Acid Soils: Alfalfa Lettuce Muskmelon

SOIL pH ADD LIME RAISING Soil pH: Factors to consider before applying - soil type - how much to raise the pH - fineness of lime - type of lime

Sandy Loam < Clay Loam WHY? SOIL pH AMOUNT OF LIME NEEDED TO RAISE pH: Sandy Loam < Clay Loam WHY? Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) of clay particles

SOIL pH Add Sulfur LOWERING Soil pH: - May be necessary for acid-loving crops - May also benefit potato production by reducing potato scab