Industrial Revolution

New Major Industries  Railroads  Congress approves the Transcontinental Railroad  Union & Central Pacific  Tracks joined in 1869  Cornelius Vanderbilt  Changed commerce  Sears Roebuck Co.  Steel  Grew due to railroads  Andrew Carnegie

New Industries and Inventions  Oil  Standard Oil Company  John D. Rockefellar  Telephone  Alexander Graham Bell  Electric Light Bulb  Thomas Edison  Automobile  Henry Ford  Assembly line to increase production John D. Rockefellar Henry Ford And his Model T

Industry and Reform  Huge population growth in cities  Immigrants from other countries  Farm kids  Poor Working Conditions  Long working hours  Dangerous conditions in factories  Labor Unions Women working in a book factory

City Life  Many people moved to cities  Factory workers  Tenements housed many workers  Often run down, dirty, and overcrowded  New buildings constructed  Multiple stories  Cities started public water and transportation systems  Public services also included fire and police depts. An Italian Neighborhood in New York City

Anti-Trusts  Monopoly - the complete control of an industry by one person or company  Does not allow competition between companies  Raises cost of products  Sherman Anti-Trust Act was passed in 1890  Made monopolies illegal The Sherman Anti-Trust law was aimed at men like Rockefeller and Carnegie, but it also affects modern businessmen like Bill Gates.

Muckrakers  Group of writers who started investigative journalism  Exposed problems such as factory conditions, child labor, and business and political corruption  Ida Tarbell  Corruption in oil industry  Upton Sinclair  The Jungle exposed unsanitary conditions in meatpacking industry Ida Tarbell exposed problems in the oil industry Upton Sinclair exposed problems in the food industry

Women’s Suffrage  Fight for the vote and equal rights  Movement leaders included:  Susan B. Anthony  Carrie Chapman Catt  Elizabeth Cady Stanton  19 th Amendment  Guarantees the right to vote for women  Passed in 1920

Environmental Conservation  John Muir  America’s first conservationist  Focus on California (Yosemite)  Founder of the Sierra Club  National Parks  Established by Teddy Roosevelt after a camping trip with Muir  1 st park: Yellowstone (WY) Teddy Roosevelt and John Muir at Yosemite

African-American Rights  Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896)  US Supreme Court legalizes segregation  “separate but equal” is Constitutional  Citizens could be separated based on race as long as they were given equal facilities  Voting limitations  Poll tax  Pay fee to vote  Higher fee for African-Americans  Literacy test  Pass reading test to vote  Grandfather clause  If your grandfather could not vote, you could not vote

African-American Rights  Wilmington, 1898  Violence between white and African-American citizens and African-American citizens  Started after a series of newspaper articles  Ended Republican rule in NC  Begins segregation in NC  Jim Crow laws  Establish segregation  Division based on race  School, public places (water fountains, transportation, ect.) Burned newspaper office following violence in Wilmington, 1898

New Industry in North Carolina  Mills and Towns built  “Growing Up in a Cotton Mill”  Textiles  By 1900, NC was 2nd largest producer of cotton textiles  Tobacco  American Tobacco Company  James B. Duke  Furniture  High Point Furniture Manufacturing Company

North Carolina Reformers  Thomas Day  Cabinetmaker  Harriet Morehead Berry  “Good Roads State”  suffragist  Dorothea Dix  Educational reform  Mentally ill - hospital Dorothea Dix Harriet Morehead Berry Chapel Hill Road, circa 1900

NC Farm Changes  Nat’l Farmers Alliance  Many people did not own land  Sharecropping  Tenent Farming  New machinery  Overproduction reduces prices  Populist or “People’s” party

NC Educational Improvements  4-month school term  Students age 6-21  New funding  Local taxes  Fund from Mass.  General Assembly  High schools started  New school districts  Help not given to schools for African-Americans  Schools fell behind or closed

 Identify: 1.Andrew Carnegie 2.John D Rockefeller 3.Alexander Graham Bell 4.Thomas Edison 5.Henry Ford 6.Upton Sinclair 7.Susan B. Anthony 8.John Muir 9.James B. Duke 10.Harriet Morehead Berry  Explain: 1.What problems existed related to the growth of industry? 2.What poor working conditions did textile mill workers face? 3.What was the impact of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act? 4.What does the 19 th Amendment guarantee? 5.What did the Plessy case legalize? What does “separate but equal” mean? 6.List the 3 major industries that grew in NC.  Define: 1.Muckraker 2.Monopoly 3.Tenement 4.Grandfather Clause