Do Now What are the three types of algae? What is the corriolis effect? What is Ekman transport?

Objective Objective: Students will learn the three types of algae and the parts of seaweeds through a bingo game. SWBAT understand the different life histories used by seaweeds

Multicellular Primary Producers Seaweeds and Plants Chapter 6

All photosynthetic? Most are photosynthetic but of course there are exceptions Some are not photosynthetic and are actually parasites of other seaweeds!

The role of seaweeds Transform solar energy to chemical energy in the form of organic matter Energy is then available for consumption Habitat Oxygen producers

Structure of seaweeds Seaweeds are eukaryotic Seaweeds still lack the specialized structures and reproductive mechanisms characteristic of terrestrial plants Wide range of variation among seaweeds

Variation Rocky shore- small and sturdy to withstand waves Some delicate ones live on other seaweeds Kelps- found offshore in cold waters (giants)

General Structure Seaweeds lack true leaves, stems, and roots of plants. Thallus- Complete body Blades- Leaf-like flattened portions of the thallus, large surface area, photosynthesis Pneumatocysts- Gas-filled bladders that can keep blades close to sea surface Stipe- Stem-like structure for support, blades originate Holdfast- Attaches the thallus to the bottom and well developed in kelps

Structure

Types of Seaweeds Three types 1) Green 2) Brown 3) Red

Green Algae Most are freshwater and terrestrial 10% of the 7,000 species are marine Most have a simple thallus compared to the other 2 groups Thought that land plants evolved from green algae Pigments and food reserve are the same

Where do green algae live? Common on rocks in shallow water Rocky shore tide pools

Types of green seaweeds Filamentous types may be branched or unbranched Enteromorpha- thin thallus in the form of a hollow tube Ulva- Sea lettuce is paper thin Valonia- forms large spheres or curious spherical clusters. Caulerpa- Single giant cell with many nuclei Codium- Deadman’s fingers Halimeda- Calcareous green algae (coral reefs)

Enteromorpha

Ulva

Valonia

Caulerpa

Codium

Halimeda

Brown Algae Coloration – varies from olive green to dark brown Fucoxanthin over chlorophyll Almost all of the 1500 species are marine Often the dominant primary producers on temperate and polar rocky coasts. Largest and structurally most complex (Include the kelps)

Types of Brown Algae Ectocarpus- Finely filamentous thallus Dictyota – thallus is flat and branched Padina- Fan-shaped and lightly calcified Desmaretia- branched Some are exposed at low tides at the middle and upper levels of rocky shores Gas-filled floats – rockweeds or wracks

Sargassum Brown algae found in warm waters (Gulfs of Mexico and California) Sargasso weed has spherical air bladders to keep small leaf like blades afloat Most grow on rocks Offshore in huge masses Sargasso Sea Area in Atlantic

Sargasso Sea

Sargassum Sea

Kelps Most complex and largest of all brown algae Great importance – provide food and shelter for many organisms. Laminaria- species of kelp where a single large blade can be up to 10 ft Agarum and Alaria – Rib runs along the middle of a single blade Egregia- Feather boa kelp Eisenia- Southern sea palm Nereocystis- Bull kelp Pelagophycus- Antler like branches

Brown Algaes kelp.gifkelp.gifkelp.gif Ectocarpus Dictyota Padina Desmarestia Laninaria Agarum Alaria Egregia Nereocystis Pelagophycus Eisnia

Macrocystis Largest of kelps Massive holdfast attaches to the bottom At the base of each blade a gas-filled pneumatocyst Can grow 20 in per day in optimal conditions Form kelp beds or forests Among the richest, most productive environments in the marine world

Kelp Forest What coast of North America can they be found? What do kelps consist of? What do young kelp compete for? What do fish use the kelp forest for? Why does the canopy make a good nursery environment?

Red Algae More red algae that green and brown combined Red pigments known as phycobilins Essentially marine Of the 4000 species, only a few are fresh water or soil Live in most shallow-water marine environments

Structure of Reds Simplified in structure by becoming parasites of other seaweeds A few have lost all chlorophyll and are heterotophs Most are filamentous Thickness, width, arrangement of filaments varies

Types of Reds Gelidium Gracilaria Endocladia – wirey clumps on rocky shores from Alaska to S. Ca. Gigartina- Most massive of the red algae Porphyra-Common on rocky shores above the lowest tide mark Rhodymenia –Common in North Atlantic Chondrus –Irish moss and can tolerate wide ranges in temp, light and salinity

Red Algae en GelidiumGracilaria Endocladia Gigartina Porphyra Rhodymenia Chondrus

Coralline Algae (Corallina) Red algae that deposit calcium carbonate in their cell walls Important in several marine environments Calcified thallus takes a variety of shapes Color varies from light to intense reddish-pink Warm-water coralline algae are actively involved in formation and development of coral reefs

Bingo Thallus Blades Pneumatocysts Stipe Holdfast Green algae Red algae Brown algae Enteromorpha Ulva Valonia Caulerpa Halimeda Gigartina Chondrus Fucoxanthin Ectocarpus Dictyota Padina Desmarestia Rockweeds Sargasso Sea Laminaria Nereocystis Pelagophycus Macrocystis Kelp forest Phycobilins Coralline algae Gracilaria Porphyra

Exit Ticket 1) What type of algea is Ulva? 2) What is the sargassum sea 3) What is a pneumatocyst?