Objective and Rationale for the Climate-Health Clearinghouse (CH3) Our objective is to develop and illustrate the concept of a CH3. These illustrations will be described via presentations that attract interest in the CH3 and funds for its development. The most effective way to illustrate our concept of CH3 is via a layout that resembles a website or user interface. Why? Because of their wide use, website layouts and user interfaces have evolved tremendously to be intuitive and efficient in the delivery of information. Also they have been designed, at least implicitly, to stimulate interest and learning. Also people are familiar with the structure of their layout. The CH3 is expected to carry out a wide variety of functions, but fundamentally each function requires background knowledge (as opposed to information) in selected areas of climate and health. So learning is a prerequisite. This learning needs to at a level beyond the introductory level but not necessarily at the expert level. This learning is of an integrated nature as it involves the elucidation and forging of links between disparate bits of information, researchers and their research. The conceptual design is therefore built specifically around links and information bits. The active exploration of the CH3 provides a foundation for intelligent and targeted dialogs between researchers with complimentary interests. It is expected that these dialogs would lead to the the production of new integrative knowledge, which is ultimate goal of CH3.

Rationale for the conceptual design 1.The conceptual or spatially oriented layout is intuitive and facilitates learning (i.e. most people learn more effectively via images and figures. Further, the layout effectively illustrates relationships across scales which is integral for understanding both climate and epidemiology. 2.Information retrieval is very quick and efficient; one doesn’t have to parse through long list of links to find needed information. 3. The user of the clearinghouse has much flexibility in regards to key facets of their exploration: The granularity of the information. The user can select “big picture” overviews or focus on selected details. The context of the information. The user selects a context within CH3 that pulls together pertinent bits of information. As illustrated in the presentation, a user could select “future climate scenarios” and then highlight “thunderstorms” and “circulation anomalies” to get an overview of the key research questions, researchers etc. involving these links. In the process of exploring this link they can link to more details regarding weather features that play a key role (e.g. tropical and mid-latitude cyclones, air mass characteristics).

Drowning Injuries Midlatitude Cyclones Thunderstorms Lightning UV Radiation Extreme Wetness Drought Air Masses/ Transport Tropical Cyclones Heat Waves WildfiresPoor Air Quality Cold air Outbreaks River Flooding Heavy Rain Tornadoes High Winds Waterborne Diseases Airborne Diseases Heat Stroke Famine Heat Stress Hourly Insectborne Diseases Rodentborne Diseases Respiratory Distress Annual Seasonal Weekly Daily Global Continental Regional Local Flash Flooding Deaths/ Injuries Time Scale Space Scale BackgroundResearchToolsDataMonitoringForecastsFuture Climate Scenarios Sun Poisoning Circulation Anomalies (e.g. ENSO) Background Mental Health PastPresentShort term Long term Conceptual Layout

Drowning Injuries Midlatitude Cyclones Thunderstorms Lightning UV Radiation Extreme Wetness Drought Air Masses/ Transport Tropical Cyclones Heat Waves WildfiresPoor Air Quality Cold air Outbreaks River Flooding Heavy Rain Tornadoes High Winds Waterborne Diseases Airborne Diseases Heat Stroke Famine Heat Stress Hourly Insectborne Diseases Rodentborne Diseases Respiratory Distress Annual Seasonal Weekly Daily Global Continental Regional Local Flash Flooding Deaths/ Injuries Time Scale Space Scale Sun Poisoning Circulation Anomalies (e.g. ENSO) CH 3 CH 3 ResearchToolsDataMonitoringForecastsFuture Climate ScenariosBackground Mental Health

Thunderstorms Lightning Hourly Annual Seasonal Weekly Daily Global Continental Regional Local Deaths/ Injuries Time Scale Space Scale CH 3 CH 3 LIGHTNING: Background Why and how does it occur? Where does it occur? When does it occur? LIGHTNING DEATHS AND INJURIES: Background Morbidity / Mortality Rates Secular Trends Lightning Strike Probabilities Occupational Risk Boating and Aviation Demographics Physiological / Neurological Effects ResearchToolsDataMonitoringForecastsFuture Climate ScenariosBackground

Thunderstorms Lightning Hourly Annual Seasonal Weekly Daily Global Continental Regional Local Deaths/ Injuries Time Scale Space Scale CH 3 CH 3 LIGHTNING: Research Research questions Researchers Current research initiatives LIGHTNING DEATHS AND INJURIES: Research Research questions Researchers Current research initiatives ResearchToolsDataMonitoringForecastsFuture Climate ScenariosBackground

Thunderstorms Lightning Hourly Annual Seasonal Weekly Daily Global Continental Regional Local Deaths/ Injuries Time Scale Space Scale CH 3 CH 3 LIGHTNING: Tools Research Tools/Techniques Questions Needs and Initiatives LIGHTNING DEATHS AND INJURIES: Tools Research Tools/Techniques Questions Needs and Initiatives ResearchToolsDataMonitoringForecastsFuture Climate ScenariosBackground

Thunderstorms Lightning Hourly Annual Seasonal Weekly Daily Global Continental Regional Local Deaths/ Injuries Time Scale Space Scale CH 3 CH 3 LIGHTNING: Data Data Sources Caveats Needs and Initiatives LIGHTNING DEATHS AND INJURIES: Data Data Sources Caveats Needs and Initiatives ResearchToolsDataMonitoringForecastsFuture Climate ScenariosBackground

Thunderstorms Lightning Hourly Annual Seasonal Weekly Daily Global Continental Regional Local Deaths/ Injuries Time Scale Space Scale CH 3 CH 3 LIGHTNING: Monitoring Surveillance Tools Current Limitations Needs and Initiatives LIGHTNING DEATHS AND INJURIES: Monitoring Lightning Strike Probabilities Boating and Aviation Needs and Initiatives ResearchToolsDataMonitoringForecastsFuture Climate ScenariosBackground

Drowning Injuries Midlatitude Cyclones Thunderstorms Lightning UV Radiation Extreme Wetness Drought Air Masses/ Transport Tropical Cyclones Heat Waves WildfiresPoor Air Quality Cold air Outbreaks River Flooding Heavy Rain Tornadoes High Winds Waterborne Diseases Airborne Diseases Heat Stroke Famine Heat Stress Hourly Insectborne Diseases Rodentborne Diseases Respiratory Distress Annual Seasonal Weekly Daily Global Continental Regional Local Flash Flooding Deaths/ Injuries Time Scale Space Scale Sun Poisoning Circulation Anomalies (e.g. ENSO) CH 3 CH 3 ResearchToolsDataMonitoringForecastsFuture Climate ScenariosBackground Mental Health

Thunderstorms Lightning Hourly Annual Seasonal Weekly Daily Global Continental Regional Local Deaths/ Injuries Time Scale Space Scale CH 3 CH 3 FUTURE CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS: Circulation Anomalies and Thunderstorms Research Questions Researchers Current research initiatives ResearchToolsDataMonitoringForecastsFuture Climate ScenariosBackground Midlatitude Cyclones Air Masses/ Transport Tropical Cyclones WildfiresPoor Air Quality Respiratory Distress Circulation Anomalies (e.g. ENSO)

Thunderstorms Lightning Hourly Annual Seasonal Weekly Daily Global Continental Regional Local Deaths/ Injuries Time Scale Space Scale CH 3 CH 3 FUTURE CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS: Circulation Anomalies and Air Masses/Transport Research Questions Researchers Current research initiatives ResearchToolsDataMonitoringForecastsFuture Climate ScenariosBackground Midlatitude Cyclones Air Masses/ Transport Tropical Cyclones WildfiresPoor Air Quality Respiratory Distress Circulation Anomalies (e.g. ENSO)

Thunderstorms Lightning Wildfires Poor Air Quality Hourly Respiratory Distress Annual Seasonal Weekly Daily Global Continental Regional Local Time Scale Space Scale CH 3 CH 3 ResearchToolsDataMonitoringForecastsFuture Climate ScenariosBackground

Drowning Injuries Midlatitude Cyclones Thunderstorms Lightning UV Radiation Extreme Wetness Drought Air Masses/ Transport Tropical Cyclones Heat Waves WildfiresPoor Air Quality Cold air Outbreaks River Flooding Heavy Rain Tornadoes High Winds Waterborne Diseases Airborne Diseases Heat Stroke Famine Heat Stress Hourly Insectborne Diseases Rodentborne Diseases Respiratory Distress Annual Seasonal Weekly Daily Global Continental Regional Local Flash Flooding Deaths/ Injuries Time Scale Space Scale Sun Poisoning Circulation Anomalies (e.g. ENSO) CH 3 CH 3 ResearchToolsDataMonitoringForecastsFuture Climate ScenariosBackground AIRBORNE DISEASES: Infectious and Allergenic Valley Fever Influenza Aeroallergens Fungi/Mold Asthma Coronavirus (SARS) Mental Health

Midlatitude Cyclones Air Masses/ Transport Cold air Outbreaks Influenza Hourly Annual Seasonal Weekly Daily Global Continental Regional Local Time Scale Space Scale Circulation Anomalies (e.g. ENSO) CH 3 CH 3 ResearchToolsDataMonitoringForecastsFuture Climate ScenariosBackground

Midlatitude Cyclones Air Masses/ Transport Cold air Outbreaks Influenza Hourly Annual Seasonal Weekly Daily Global Continental Regional Local Time Scale Space Scale Circulation Anomalies (e.g. ENSO) CH 3 CH 3 ResearchToolsDataMonitoringForecastsFuture Climate ScenariosBackground FUTURE CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS: Circulation Anomalies and Influenza Research Questions Researchers Current research initiatives

C limate- H ealth C learing H ouse at UNC- C hapel H ill [CH 3 ] Foster Research Connections Monitor Health and Climate Activity Identify Research Needs and Opportunities Stimulate Research Discover New Connections Stimulate Technology Transfer C limate- H ealth C learing H ouse at UNC- C hapel H ill [CH 3 ] Foster Research Connections Monitor Health and Climate Activity Identify Research Needs and Opportunities Stimulate Research Discover New Connections Stimulate Technology Transfer Climate Forecasts, Projections, Models Climate Forecasts, Projections, Models Policy Makers Health Professionals Health Professionals Emerging Diseases Emerging Diseases Health Surveillance Health Surveillance Information Technology Information Technology Health Data Climate Monitoring Climate Monitoring Climate: People and Projects Climate: People and Projects Health: People and Projects Health: People and Projects Climate Data The Southeastern Regional Climate Center

Rodentborne Disease Insectborne Disease Weather- Related Threats Mental Health Carcinogens Airborne Disease Airborne Non-Infectious Waterborne Disease Bioaerosols: pollen, spores, mold, fungi, Pathogens: lassa fever, lyssavirus, hantavirus Parasites/Viruses: Mainly mosquitoes Bacteria: Mainly phytoplankton Solar Radiation: Skin cancer Variable constituents: Seasonal affective disorder Toxins: ozone, carbon monoxide, heavy metals Hazards: lightning, flooding, tornadoes, temperature Climate and Health