WarmUp #7 Read pgs. 665 & 669 on light pollution & fingerprinting, in regards to the Industrial Revolution. Answer the respective questions.

Society in the Industrial Revolution

Men & Women with more advanced machinery, factories became job sites for men opened the ideas of separate “spheres” for men & women –men: work outside home –women: work inside home (i.e. raise family, etc.) standard of living: level of material comfort (improved)

Men & Women’s Spheres

Movements of People massive immigration to the United States movement to the cities…then onto the suburbs “white flight” increased movements to help the poor –child labor laws –Salvation Army, Hull House, etc. –free education (not equal) movement to be more informed –newspapers increased (i.e. world events, human interest stories, political cartoons etc.) movement for leisure time –professional sports (baseball/boxing/football) –travel (seaside, mountains etc.) –entertainment (theater, concerts, moving pictures)

Art, Music & Literature romanticism: emphasized emotional & intuitive reaction to the Enlightenment & Industrial Revolution –Beethoven: from Classical to Romantic music –Mary Shelley: Frankenstein (when science goes too far…) realism: emphasized details of ordinary daily life –Charles Dickens: Oliver Twist & other stories about the plight of industrial workers –Leo Tolstoy: struggles in Russian society impressionism: paintings where artists capture impression of scene, light, vivid color & motion –Claude Monet & Pierre-Auguste Renoir

Romanticism

Realism

Impressionism

Achievements in Biology Charles Darwin voyaged around the world on the Beagle wrote down observations from various islands On the Origin of Species about natural selection: the animals that are better adapted to their environment are the ones to survive & pass on those traits became the theory of evolution…very controversial!

Achievements in Chemistry 1803 John Dalton: atoms have varying masses & sizes 1871 Dmitri Mendeleyev: arranged known elements into the periodic table (left gaps for elements, yet to be discovered) 1898 Pierre & Marie Curie: discovered radium & radioactivity (some elements release energy as they break down) 1911 Ernest Rutherford: nucleus is at center of the atom & made up of protons

Pierre & Marie Curie

Achievements in Physics 1905 Albert Einstein: light can act as particles & waves motion measured only from the viewpoint of the observer…thus, no absolute time & space: theory of relativity) believed small amounts of mass could be converted into HUGE amounts of energy (E=mc 2 ) –basis for atomic energy

Albert Einstein

Advances in Medicine 1870 Louis Pasteur: link between microbes & disease –realized bacteria causes the spoilage of food & drink if foods are heated to a high degree, the bacteria can be killed = pasteurization 1860s Joseph Lister: antiseptic to kill germs in wounds –fewer people died from infection increased training for doctors & nurses…& hospitals modernized (Clara Barton, Florence Nightingale)

Medicine

Psychology study of mind & human behavior Ivan Pavlov: studied animal behavior to prove conditioned response (reflex actions could be taught…dogs & bells) –concluded that human behavior was a series of conditioned responses to stimuli Sigmund Freud: argued subconscious mind controlled behavior (id)…& kept some thoughts from the conscious mind (ego & superego) –used hypnosis, so patients would tell him their dreams, in order to recall repressed thoughts (psychoanalysis) –believed repressed thoughts caused mental illness

Sigmund Freud & Ivan Pavlov