Agenda: Tuesday (06/16/2015) 1. Complete Basic Chemistry and Properties of Water Lecture and Cornell Notes 2. Textbook Distribution 3. Notebook Setup 4. Correct Water Molecule Model Activity 5. Properties of Water Review Worksheet (due at end of period) 6. Assign Student Seating 7. Collect Summer School Contract 8. Homework: -Bring Required Class Supplies -Complete Textbook Reading and Flashcards -Study for Basic Chemistry and Properties of Water Test (Tomorrow - Wednesday)

Agenda: Monday (06/15/2015) 1.Review Summer School Expectations and Class Syllabus 2. Textbook Distribution 3. Notebook Setup 4. Basic Chemistry and Properties of Water Lecture and Cornell Notes 5. Water Molecule Model Activity 6. Assign Student Seating 7. Homework: -Bring Required Class Supplies -Complete Textbook Reading and Flashcards -Study for Basic Chemistry and Properties of Water Quiz (Tomorrow - Tuesday)

Warm-Up #1 1)Write everything you know about an atom. Examples: -How small is it? -What does it consist of?

Basic Chemistry & Properties of Water

Octet Rule Every element wants to have 8 electrons on their valence (outside) shell, but only the noble gases naturally have 8. Because of this reason, elements have to bond with other elements.

Chemical Bonding What is a Bond? -A bond is a force that holds atoms together

Basic Chemistry Chemical Bonding: 1)Ionic Bonds 2)Covalent Bonds a)Non-polar covalent b)Polar covalent 3) Hydrogen Bonds

Ionic Bonding 1) Ionic bonds are the forces of attraction between 2 ions (atom that has gained or lossed an electron) – formed when a metal loses an electron to a nonmetal – + ion attracted to the – ion

Examples of Ionic Bonds Examples of compounds with ionic bonds -NaCl -KCl -HCl -CuF 2

Covalent Bonds 2) Covalent bonds are the forces of attraction between two nonmetal atoms which are sharing electrons a) Nonpolar covalent bonds = electrons are shared equally b) Polar covalent bonds = electrons shared unequally

Covalent Bonds Stronger attraction than in ionic bonding

Examples of Covalent Examples of compounds with covalent bonds -NH 4 -H 2 O -CO 2 -H 2 CH 2 -N 2 -Cl 2

Hydrogen Bonds 3)Hydrogen Bonds: weak bonds between molecules. Molecules: group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

Electronegativity Electronegativity: the ability to attract electrons in a covalent bond

Electronegativity

Electronegativity Trend Electronegativity From left  Right of a period -Electronegativity increases From Top  Bottom of group -Electronegativity decreases

Properties of Water

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules contribute to unique properties of water.

Properties of Water 1)Water is an excellent solvent. -It dissolves many substances. -Ionic substances are soluble (dissolve) in water because the poles of polar water molecules interact with ionic substances to separate them into ions. -Substances that dissolve in water are hydrophilic and substances that do not dissolve in water are called hydrophobic.

Properties of Water 2)Water has a high heat capacity -It takes a lot of energy to change the temperature of water

Properties of Water 3) Water has a high heat of vaporization -It takes a lot of heat energy to evaporate water

Properties of Water 4)Water has strong cohesion and adhesion -Cohesion is the attraction between like substances. -Adhesion is the attraction of unlike substances. Water adheres(sticks) to polar surfaces. -Cohesion and Adhesion allow plants to absorb water through a process called capillary action.

Properties of Water 5)Water has high surface tension. -Strong cohesion between water molecules produces high surface tension. -Surface tension allows many insects to walk on water without sinking.

Properties of Water 6)Ice floats -Water expands as it freezes and becomes less dense than its liquid form. Thus, ice floats in liquid water.

Properties of Water 7) Viscosity -The tendency of fluids like water to resist flow. 8) State of change -Condensation: change from gas to liquid -Vaporization: change from liquid to gas -Sublimation: change from solid to gas -Deposition: change from gas to solid -Melting: change from solid to liquid -Freezing: change from liquid to solid

Properties of Ocean Water Higher Viscosity due to higher salinity (more resistant to flow) Higher Density due to salinity -has lower freezing point -has higher boiling point -easier to float objects in seawater than freshwater

Homework Read Chapter 2.1 The Nature of Matter and 2.2 Properties of Water (p ) and create flashcards for the following terms. Some terms may be found in Water Model Activity W.S. or this lecture ppt. 1.Atom9. Ion 17. Hydrogen Bond 2.Nucleus10. Covalent Bond 18. Hydration Sphere 3.Electron11. Molecule 19. Hydrophilic 4.Element12. van der Waals forces 20. Hydrophobic 5.Isotope13. Cohesion 21. Capillary Action 6.Compound14. Adhesion 22. Solvent 7.Ionic bond15. Polar Molecule 23. Solute 8.Vaporization16. Condensation 24. Viscosity