Morphology Gerber Luca

Put the words into groups:  Write  Takes  Ate  Taking  Written  Eats  Writing  Took  Wrote  Eaten  Taken  Eat  Writes  Take  Eating

LEXEME A unit of the lexicon, which is an uninflected abstract form that underlies all its inflected variants SYNTACTIC WORD It’s an inflected variant of a lexeme A whole set of inflected variants of a lexeme is called a PARADIGM Take, takes, taking, took, taken  TAKE

Lewis Caroll: Jabberwocky ’Twas brillig, and the slithy toves Did gyre and gimble in the wabe: All mimsy were the borogoves, And the mome raths outgrabe.

Put the words into two groups:  Happy  Of  And  Black  House  Buy  They  When  Without  The  Very  John  Answer  Search  At  Although  Horse  Between  Or

 Happy  Black  House  Buy  Very  John  Answer  Search  Horse  Of  And  They  When  Without  The  At  Although  Between  Or CONTENT WORDS Nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs FUNCTION WORDS Conjunctions, pronouns, auxiliaries, determiners

Stem  The part of the word which remains if we remove the suffix or prefix that has entered the word last  Unfriendliness   unfriendly  Unfriendly   friendly  Friendly   friend  If we remove all affixes, we arrive at the absolute stem  root

Let’s play with morphemes!

Morphemes Free morphemes They can occur by themselves as whole words (house, table, boy, etc.) Bound morphemes Must be attached to other morphemes within words (cred-, grad-, -mit,, etc.) Suffixes Inflectional or derivational Prefixes Derivational Class-maintaining (boy  boyhood) Root Affix Always bound morphemes Class-changing (print  printer) Class-maintaining (legal  illegal) Class-changing (joy  enjoy)