Cellular Respiration.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration
Advertisements

PAUL VI CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL
Respiration. Breathing and Respiration Cellular Aerobic Respiration Efficiency of Respiration Cellular Anaerobic Respiration Respiration of Carbohydrate,
CELL RESPIRATION.
Fig. 9.1 Respiration. Cellular Energy Harvest: an Overview Stages of Aerobic Cellular Respiration –Glycolysis –Oxidation of Pyruvate –Krebs Cycle –Electron.
Ch 6 Cellular Respiration. Energy for life ECOSYSTEM Photosynthesis in chloroplasts Glucose Cellular respiration in mitochondria H2OH2O CO 2 O2O2  
Ch 6 Cellular Respiration. Energy for life ECOSYSTEM Photosynthesis in chloroplasts Glucose Cellular respiration in mitochondria H2OH2O CO 2 O2O2  
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
INTRODUCTION TO CELLULAR RESPIRATION Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Cellular Respiration Aerobic Respiration.
Cellular respiration makes ATP by breaking down sugars.
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
CELLULAR RESPIRATION BIOLOGY IB/ SL Option C.3.
CHAPTER 6 How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy
Cellular Respiration.
Cellular Respiration Honors Biology. What is Cellular Respiration? The process of converting food energy into ATP energy C 6 H 12 O O 2 → 6 CO 2.
How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy
How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy
…transferring a phosphate group to another molecule = phosphorylation -- use a little ATP to net a larger amount of kinetic E (work)
The Krebs Cycle Biology 11 Advanced
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cellular respiration oxidizes sugar and produces ATP in three main stages –Glycolysis.
Lecture #4Date _________ Chapter 9~ Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy.
INTRODUCTION TO CELLULAR RESPIRATION.  Energy is necessary for life processes (growth, transport, manufacture, movement, reproduction, etc.)  Energy.
Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fig Draw this drawing on a blank sheet of cellulose.
How Cells Harvest Energy Chapter 6
Energy Use in Cells Glycolysis, Krebs’s Cycle, Electron Transport, Fermentation & Metabolism.
Cellular Respiration Chapter 7 Table of Contents Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Section 2 Aerobic Respiration.
…… Cellular Respiration.
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings Respiration How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy.
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Chapter 9 Biology – Campbell Reece.
Respiration. How Is a Marathoner Different from a Sprinter? Aerobic vs. anaerobic.
BIOLOGY CONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS Fourth Edition Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Neil A. Campbell Jane B. Reece Lawrence.
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint Lectures for Biology: Concepts and Connections, Fifth Edition – Campbell,
Lecture #4Date _________ Chapter 9~ Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy.
Cellular Respiration Chapter 7 Table of Contents Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Section 2 Aerobic Respiration.
Pp 69 – 73 & Define cell respiration Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells to form ATP Glucose.
How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy
CELLULAR RESPIRATION How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy.
Cellular Respiration Chapter 7. An overview of cellular respiration Figure 6.8 High-energy electrons carried by NADH GLYCOLYSIS GlucosePyruvic acid KREBS.
Glycolysis, Kreb’s, and ETC
INTRODUCTION TO CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Ch. 6 Cellular Respiration 6.6 – Redox reactions release energy when electrons fall from a hydrogen carrier to oxygen Where do all the electrons.
Cellular Respiration.
RESPIRATION VOCAB REVIEW. Type of fermentation shown below: Pyruvic acid + NADH → alcohol + CO 2 + NAD + Alcoholic fermentation.
Cellular Respiration.
Chapter 6 Cellular Respiration. Outline Day 1 –Energy Flow and Carbon Cycling –Overview of Energy Metabolism –Redox Reactions –Electrons and Role of Oxygen.
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Breathing, Eating and cellular respiration are closely related 6.1 Breathing supplies.
3.7 Cell Respiration By: Zachary Novatt June 06, 2008.
Cellular Respiration What is Cellular Respiration? Step-by-step breakdown of high- energy glucose molecules to release energy Takes place day and night.
Ch. 6: Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy.
Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP.
Ch. 6 Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration & Fermentation
How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy
Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP.
Cellular Respiration.
Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy
Cellular Respiration & Fermentation
CELLULAR RESPIRATION Chapter 6.
How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy
Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration breaks down glucose molecules and banks their energy in ATP The process uses O2 and releases CO2 and H2O Glucose.
Cellular Respiration.
5.7 Electron Transport Chain
Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP.
Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP.
CHAPTER 6 How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy
Cellular Respiration Releases Energy from Organic Compounds
Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP.
CHAPTER 6 How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy
Presentation transcript:

Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration Objectives: Summarize how glucose is broken down in the first stage of cellular respiration. Describe how ATP is made in the second stage of cellular respiration. Identify the role of fermentation in the second stage of cellular respiration. Evaluate the importance of oxygen in aerobic respiration.

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy Introduction to Cell Metabolism Glycolysis Aerobic Cell Respiration Anaerobic Cell Respiration

Breathing and Cell Respiration are related CO2 Lungs Muscle cells carrying out CO2 Bloodstream O2 CELLULAR RESPIRATION Sugar + O2  ATP + CO2 + H2O

Cellular Respiration uses oxygen and glucose to produce Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP. Glucose Oxygen gas Carbon dioxide Water Energy

How efficient is cell respiration? Energy released from glucose banked in ATP Energy released from glucose (as heat and light) Gasoline energy converted to movement 100% About 40% 25% Burning glucose in an experiment “Burning” glucose in cellular respiration Burning gasoline in an auto engine

Reduction and Oxidation OILRIG Oxidation is losing electrons Reduction is gaining electrons Loss of hydrogen atoms Energy Glucose Gain of hydrogen atoms Glucose gives off energy and is oxidized

Reduction and Oxidation OILRIG Gain or loss of electrons is often in the form of hydrogen. The hydrogen is then passed to a coenzyme such as NAD+

Reduction and Oxidation What are some common co-enzymes? NAD+ and FAD NAD+ + 2 H  NADH + H+ FAD + 2 H  FADH2 Remember that H = 2 electrons and 2H+

Reduction and Oxidation These co-enzymes are very important for cell respiration because they transfer high-energy electrons to electron transport systems (ETS).

Reduction and Oxidation As the electrons move from carrier to carrier, energy is released in small quantities. Electron transport system (ETS)

Generation of ATP There are two ways to generate ATP Chemiosmosis Substrate-Level Phosphorylation

Generation of ATP Chemiosmosis Cells use the energy released by “falling” electrons in the ETS to pump H+ ions across a membrane Uses the enzyme ATP synthase.

Generation of ATP Chemiosmosis

Generation of ATP Substrate Level Phosphorylation Enzyme ATP can also be made by transferring phosphate groups from organic molecules to ADP Adenosine substrate Adenosine product Figure 6.7B

Glycolysis General Outline No Oxygen Anaerobic Oxygen Aerobic Glucose Glycolysis No Oxygen Anaerobic Oxygen Aerobic Pyruvic Acid Transition Reaction Fermentation Krebs Cycle ETS 36 ATP

Glycolysis Where? The cytosol What? Breaks down glucose to pyruvic acid

Glycolysis Energy In: 2 ATP Energy Out: 4 ATP NET 2 ATP Steps – A fuel molecule is energized, using ATP. Glucose 1 3 Step Glycolysis 1 Glucose-6-phosphate 2 Fructose-6-phosphate Energy In: 2 ATP 3 Fructose-1,6-diphosphate Step A six-carbon intermediate splits into two three-carbon intermediates. 4 4 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) 5 Step A redox reaction generates NADH. 5 1,3-Diphosphoglyceric acid (2 molecules) 6 Steps – ATP and pyruvic acid are produced. 3-Phosphoglyceric acid (2 molecules) Energy Out: 4 ATP 6 9 7 2-Phosphoglyceric acid (2 molecules) 8 2-Phosphoglyceric acid (2 molecules) NET 2 ATP 9 Pyruvic acid (2 molecules per glucose molecule)

General Outline of Aerobic Respiration Glycolysis Transition Reaction Krebs Cycle Electron Transport System

Transition Reaction Each pyruvic acid molecule is broken down to form CO2 and a two-carbon acetyl group, which enters the Krebs cycle Pyruvic Acid Acetyl CoA

General Outline of Aerobic Respiration Glycolysis Transition Reaction Krebs Cycle Electron Transport System

Krebs Cycle Where? In the Mitochondria What? Uses Acetyl Co-A to generate ATP, NADH, FADH2, and CO2.

Krebs Cycle

Krebs Cycle

General Outline of Aerobic Respiration Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport System

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN Electron Transport System Protein complex Intermembrane space Electron carrier Inner mitochondrial membrane Electron flow Mitochondrial matrix ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN ATP SYNTHASE Figure 6.12

Electron Transport System

Electron Transport System For each glucose molecule that enters cellular respiration, chemiosmosis produces up to 38 ATP molecules

Overview of Aerobic Respiration

Fermentation Requires NADH generated by glycolysis. Where do you suppose these reactions take place? Yeast produce carbon dioxide and ethanol Muscle cells produce lactic acid Only a few ATP are produced per glucose

Fermentation

Fermentation in the Absence of Oxygen Fermentation When oxygen is not present, fermentation follows glycolysis, regenerating NAD+ needed for glycolysis to continue. Lactic Acid Fermentation In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is converted to lactate.

Each molecule of glucose can generate 36-38 molecules of ATP in aerobic respiration but only 2 ATP molecules in respiration without oxygen (through glycolysis and fermentation).