ETC Details Electrons power proton pumps  pump H + out into intermembrane space Generates ATP when H + diffuse back into matrix thru ATP Synthase (Chemiosmosis) NAD + powers 3 pumps  3 ATP FAD + powers 2 pumps  2 ATP

Bookkeeping

NADH Glycolysis Bridging Krebs FADH Krebs ATP Glycolysis Krebs ETC NADH X 3 = FADH X 2 =

Fermentation Anaerobic Respiration No O 2 required Plants  Ethyl Alcohol Fermentation Animals  Lactic Acid Fermentation Produces: 2 ATP (From glycolysis) Ethyl alcohol Lactic Acid

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Catabolism Carbohydrates Broken down into glucose Starts at glycolysis Proteins Broken into amino acids, then converted into either pyruvic acid, acetyl CoA, or 1 of the molecules used in Krebs Where it enters, depends on what’s made Lipids Splits into either glycerol or fatty acids (hydrocarbon tails) Glycerol  splits into G3P and enters glycolysis Fatty acids undergo  oxidation  splits hydrocarbon tails and enter Krebs as acetyl CoA

Anabolism Aka Biosynthesis How cells take molecules from food and turn them into molecules for growth and repair Aka Metabolic Pool Intermediaries of all cycles can be removed and used to build molecules! Ex. pyruvate  glucose Acetyl CoA  fatty acids

ATP needed to drive biosynthesis ATP CITRIC ACID CYCLE GLUCOSE SYNTHESIS Acetyl CoA PyruvateG3PGlucose Amino groups Amino acids Fatty acids GlycerolSugars CarbohydratesFatsProteins Cells, tissues, organisms

Objectives For each phase, know the following: Input- where it occurs Output- aerobic or anaerobic What are the electron acceptors? Given a molecule, be able to tell me whether it was oxidized or reduced Compare and Contrast substrate level phosporylation and chemiosmosis If you altered some part of the cell, how would it affect respiration? (ex. Mitochondria, membrane permeability to H+, blockage of proteins)