China in the Middle Ages Chapter 12

Section 1 China Reunites

Rebuilding China’s Empire China’s Han Empire ended in AD 220 because there was no central government. As a result, China broke in 17 separate kingdoms. Warlords military leaders who run a government, fought with each other while nomads conquered parts of northern China. Korea fought to control their own land.

The Sui Dynasty Reunites China AD 581, China was reunited when a general who called himself Wendi declares himself emperor and founded the Sui Dynasty. Wendi’s son, Yangdi took control after his death and tried to conquer the Koreans, but were badly defeated. Yangdi did build the Grand Canal, a system of water ways that linked the Chang Jiang and Huang He rivers. Yangdi treated his citizens poorly and soon after his death, the Sui Dynasty came to an end.

The Tang Dynasty AD 618, one of Yangdi’s generals took over China and started the Tang Dynasty Capital was Changan Taizong Restored civil service exam system Empress Wu

The Song Dynasty AD 960-1279 Time of prosperity and cultural achievement Tibet broke away Capital was moved further south to Hangzhou

Buddhism Spreads to China Early Tang rulers were not Buddhists, but they allowed it to be practiced. Chinese monks and nuns began living in monasteries Many believed monks and nuns weakened the family life, because they were not allowed to marry. AD 845, the Tang had many Buddhist monasteries destroyed and the faith never fully recovered in China.

Chinese Buddhism Spreads East Several hundred years after breaking away from China, Korea remained as many independent kingdoms. AD 300s, the Chinese Buddhist brought their religion to Korea AD 660, Korea united to form one country. Buddhism will eventually spread to Japan.

New Confucian Ideas The Tang dynasty gave its support to a new kind of Confucianism called neo-Confucianism. This was initially created to reduce the popularity of Buddhism. Civil Service Exams

Section 2 Chinese Society

A Growing Economy When the Tang took power in AD 618, it brought peace to the countryside and gave more land to farmers. Irrigation improved Developed a new kind of rice that grew well in poor soil Built roads and waterways Silk fabric Porcelain made of fine clay and baked at high temperatures

New Technology China discovered coal and steel during the Tang dynasty AD 868, the earliest known printed b ooks came about. Diamond Sutra Gunpowder Firelance, ancestor of the gun 1150 Chinese sailors began using a compass

Art and Literature Changan Li Bo Duo Fu Painting Caligraphy

Name the two most important items traded on the Silk Road. Bellringer For 1/31/13 Name the two most important items traded on the Silk Road.

Section 3 The Mongols in China

The Mongols Mongolia Made up of tribes steppes

Who Was Genghis Khan? He was named Temujin, which means “blacksmith” 1206, a meeting of Mongol leaders took place somewhere in the Gobi and Temujin was elected Genghis Khan, which means “strong ruler” Created a new group of tribal chiefs to help him plan military campaigns Gathered an army of more than 100,000 warriors 1211, Mongol forces invaded China and within 3 years had taken all of northern China. Became known for uses of terror

Mongol Empire Genghis Khan died in 1227 and his empire was divided among his four sons. 1258 Baghdad fell to the Mongols Empire reached Pacific Ocean in the east and Eastern Europe in the west. Eventually brought peace

Mongol rule in China 1260, the Mongols named Genghis Khan’s grandson new khan, or ruler. Kublai Khan continued Mongol conquest 1264 Kublai moved the capital from Karakorum to Khanbaliq in northern China. Today this is the modern city of Beijing. 1271, Kublai Khan decided to conquer China and within 10 years, they had conquered southern China. Marco Polo Trade and Conquest

Bellringer for 2/1/13 “If at first you don’t succeed, try, try again.” What can you take from this quote to apply to your life? 3-5 Sentences

BellRinger for 2/4/13 Name 3 achievements of China in the Medieval period. (You can look through your text)

Section 4 The Ming Dynasty

The Rise of the Ming Kublai Khan died in 1294 and Mongol power began to decline. A series of rebellions finally drove out the Mongols. 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang became emperor and set up his capital at Nanjing in southern China. Founded the Ming or “brilliant” dynasty. He would take the name of Hong Wu, or the “Military Emperor” Killed officials he suspected of treason (disloyalty to the government) Ruled for 30 years until he died in 1398, when his son, Yong Le took power.

The Rise of the Ming Yong Lee worked hard to show that he was a powerful emperor 1421, he moved the capital north to Beijing. Built a large city with many palaces that became known as the Forbidden City. Only top officials could enter the Forbidden City.

How Did the Ming Reform China? Made Civil Service Exams even harder. Restored many canals and bridges that had been destroyed by the Mongols. Replanted forests Paved new roads Repaired and expanded the Grand Canal

Chinese Culture Novels Dramas

China Explores the World Ming emperors built a large fleet of ships to explore the world and spread their influence. 1405-1431, Yong Le sent fleets overseas to show off China’s power The leader of these expeditions was Zheng He First fleet was 62 large ships, 250 smaller ships, and 28,000 men Zheng He took his first fleet to southeast Asia. He would later go to India, the Persian Gulf, and even landed in East Africa. Brought giraffes back to the emperor’s zoo.

Zheng He Chinese merchants will settle in India and southeast Asia After Zheng He’s death, the Confucian officials persuaded the next emperor to stop these voyages.

Europeans Arrive in China 1514, a fleet from Portugal arrived in China This was the first time Europeans had arrived in China and first direct contact since Marco Polo. The Portuguese wanted to trade with the Chinese and also wanted to convert them to Christianity. The Chinese thought the Europeans were barbarians, or uncivilized people. Initially, the Chinese refused to trade with the Portuguese, but by 1600, they had allowed Portugal to set up a trading post at the port of Macao. Many Jesuit priests began to work in China as well.

Fall of the Ming

Chapter 12 Study Guide

Matching Sui Dynasty Diamond Sutra Yangdi Porcelain Song Dynasty Genghis Khan Zhu Yuanzhang Novels Jesuits Marco Polo

Identifications Chinese printing press Mongols Gunpowder Civil Service Exams Compass Forbidden City Confucian ideas about exploration Tang Dynasty and steel Purpose of the Census

Identifications Yuan Dynasty Jesuits

Essays How did Zheng He’s travels affect China? Why did some officials object? What Chinese inventions allowed the printing of books? Describe why printing was so important. Describe how the Mongols were able to build a vast empire.