Video about the Case Please look away if you uncomfortable with looking at the real photos of Emmett Till

 Laws designed to continue segregation after the passage of the 14 th and 15 th Amendments  Predominantly in the South  Found ways to legalize discrimination of African- Americans

 A black male could not offer his hand to a white male because that assumed they were equals. Offer hand to woman—considered rape  Whites and blacks were not supposed to eat together—if they did it was partitioned and whites ate first  Under no circumstance was a black male to offer to light the cigarette of a white female Implied Intimacy  No P.D.A. because it offended white people  Blacks did not have titles (Mr., Mrs., Ma’am, Sir, etc.)  White motorists had the right away

 Mixed-Race man, Homer Plessy (1/8 th Black) Considered a black person in the south  In 1896 he was arrested when he refused to leave a whites-only train car  He was tried and convicted of violating Louisiana's segregation laws  “Separate but Equal Doctrine”

 Linda Brown, a 9 year old girl from Topeka, Kansas  She must travel several blocks, through a railroad yard, cross several busy streets to catch a bus miles from her house. White-only school is only blocks away  Attorneys argue this is “separate but not equal” Board argued that segregation in school would prepare children for segregation in adulthood Board wins the case in quick decision in 1951  After appeals the Supreme Court overturns their earlier decision in 1954

 Reaction to Rosa Parks arrest  Protesters refused to ride the city bus  First major actions on the Civil Rights Movement  In-part to MLK, the movement becomes a national protest Spent 2 weeks in jail, which further encouraged protesters  Federal district court ruled the public transportation rules for blacks were unconstitutional

 Montgomery Bus Boycott  Jim Crow Laws  Plessy v. Ferguson  Brown v. Board of Education  Facebook Page Overview

 Rosa Parks  NAACP  James Meredith  Freedom Riders  Nation of Islam  Malcolm X  Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee  Martin Luther King, Jr.  Black Panthers  Thurgood Marshall

 Bus rides organized in the early 1960’s to challenge segregation  Challenged laws of segregation on interstate transportation  James Farmer led the group of 7 blacks and 6 whites Left from DC to travel through numerous southern states Interracial seating a key to their ride  A mob of white people at a stop in Alabama attacked the bus, slashed its tires, and then firebombed it. The escaping riders were beat

 The March on Washington Aug. 28, 1963: over 200,000 demonstrators “I have a dream”  Bill filibustered in Senate Previous C.R. Acts filibustered (ex: 1957—Thurmond) 87 days later, cloture occurs and bill easily passes  Equal Employment, more power to attorney general to force desegregation

 Joined Nation of Islam (Black Muslims) Preached black nationalism Separate from whites and form self-governing communities  Black Muslims ran own schools, business, newspaper, and advocated self defense  Malcolm X eventually thought integrated society possible—left group Killed by Black Muslims in 1965

 Believed in black power, black nationalism, and economic self- sufficiency  Believed revolution necessary in America  Wanted African Americans to arm themselves and force whites to give equal rights