Open Ocean: Shallow Photic Zone Deepest: 100m, but light very low, blue spectrum Good photic zone ~50-60m Stable T, salinity Surface currents predictable: permanent or seasonal

Open Ocean: Shallow Photic Zone Everything must be buoyed Phytoplankton, floating algae: primary producers Microbial loop very important in the water column Uncoupled from ocean benthos Zooplankton Fish, mammals, swimming invertebrates (rare) Organisms very wide-ranging

Open Ocean: Shallow Photic Zone Everything must be buoyed Phytoplankton, floating algae: primary producers Microbial loop very important in the water column Uncoupled from benthos Zooplankton Fish, mammals, swimming invertebrates (rare) Organisms very wide-ranging

Open Ocean: Shallow Photic Zone Everything must be buoyed Phytoplankton, floating algae: primary producers Microbial loop very important in the water column Uncoupled from benthosZooplankton Fish, mammals, swimming invertebrates (rare) Organisms very wide-ranging

Everything must be buoyed Phytoplankton, floating algae: primary producers Microbial loop very important in the water column Uncoupled from benthos Zooplankton Fish, mammals, swimming invertebrates (rare) Organisms very wide-ranging Open Ocean: Shallow Photic Zone

Open Ocean: Food Webs Trophic levels complex no simple models Interactions: only the basics known Interactions not static Ocean very vast, organisms very mobile and wide-ranging Migratory patterns Food web often uncoupled from geographic area Fishing in one area can effect migrating populations I.e., krill and whales