1 كارآفريني دانشگاهي: زير بنايي براي پرورش دانش­آموختگان مسئوليت­پذير و پاسخگو دکتر عباس بازرگان استاد دانشکده روان شناسی و علوم تربیتی هم انديشی مسئو.

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1 كارآفريني دانشگاهي: زير بنايي براي پرورش دانش­آموختگان مسئوليت­پذير و پاسخگو دکتر عباس بازرگان استاد دانشکده روان شناسی و علوم تربیتی هم انديشی مسئو لين و معاونين پژوهشي، آموزشی، دانشجويی- فرهنگی، تحصيلات تکميلی و مركز كارآفريني 29 خرداد ماه 1385

2 رئوس مطالب 1)تعریف کار آفرینی و کار آفرینی دانشگاهی 2)هدف کار آفرینی دانشگاهی 3)خصیصه های کار آفرینان 4)اهمیت آموزش کار آفرینی 5)ضرورت اشاعه فرهنگ و اخلاق کار آفرینی در دانشگاه 6)هدف آموزش کار آفرینی 7)چارجوبی برای آموزش کار آفرینی 8)نشانگرهای کار آفرینی دانشگاهی 9) اصول یادگیری در کار آفرینی دانشگاهی 10)دانشگاه تهران در مسیر کار آفرینی دانشگاهی

3 تعریف کار آفرین وکارآفرینی دانشگاهی 1)کار آفرینی: فرایند ایجاد ارزش افزوده از طریق تشکیل مجموعه ای از منابع جهت بهره گیری از فرصت ها 2) کار آفرینی دانشگاهی University as Entrepreneur دانشگاه به عنوان کار آفرین

4 هدف کار آفرینی دانشگاهی To leverage and connect the university ‘s strong base of entrepreneurial activity, to gain recognition for university ‘s work, and to involve a broader base of units, students, and community partners in entrepreneurship. To make entrepreneurship a common, accessible experience for all students, regardless of discipline.

5 خصیصه های کارآفرینان (مسئولیت پذیری و پاسخگویی) 1)قدرت ریسک کردن دارند. 2)رفتار نو جویانه و نوآورانه را ارج نهاده و به آن متصف می باشند. 3)از خصلت “ نیاز به پیشرفت ” بر خور دارند. 4) در مو قعیت های مبهم متحمل می باشند 5)نتیجه امور مورد انجام را به کوشش و تلاش فردی نسبت می دهند و نه به عوامل دیگر. 6)از اعتماد به نفس قوی بر خوردارند 7)دارای چشم اندازی مشخص بوده و برای آینده خود هد فمند می باشند.

6 اهمیت آموزش کار آفرینی در چیست؟ (الف) از نظر اقتصادی-اجتماعی: Majority of new jobs are created by entrepreneurs and small businesses Small high growth companies account for 70% of economic growth over last decade Entrepreneurship drives economic competitiveness at the local, national, regional and global levels

7 اهمیت آموزش کار آفرینی چیست؟(ادامه) Over 1/3 of difference in national economic growth may be due to difference in entrepreneurial activity Entrepreneurship has a unique position in the “ Global Economy” Entrepreneurship accounts for at least 2/3 of all technological innovation

8 اهمیت آموزش کار آفرینی چیست؟ (ب) از نظر فردی: A high proportion of high school students want to start their own business More opportunity to exercise creative freedoms Higher self-esteem Greater sense of control over your life and future. Offering students the opportunity to become entrepreneurs attracts and motivates them.

9 اهمیت آموزش کار آفرینی در چیست؟ (ج) از نظر فرهنگی: Many experienced business people, political leaders, economists, and educators believe that fostering a robust entrepreneurial culture will maximize individual and collective economic and social success on a local, national, and global scale.

10 ضرورت اشاعه فرهنگ و اخلاق کار آفرینی در دانشگاه To ensure that entrepreneurial university is sustainable and actionable, we must provide access to students, faculty, and community members by embedding entrepreneurial ethics within research, teaching, and service. In providing the resources needed to increase the presence of entrepreneurship as a discipline and within disciplines, the university will develop a pipeline of future entrepreneurs and advocates.

11 هدف آموزش کارآفرینی * پرورش ذهن کار آفرین با قابلیت اقدام برای استفاده از فرصت های ایجاد واحدهای تولید کالا و خدمات از طریق جست و جو، شناسایی و یافتن این فرصت ها. *فراهم آوردن فرصت های یاد گیری مداوم (مدام العمر) از دورهآموزش ابتدایی تا آموزش عالی.

12 چارچوبی برای آموزش کار آفرینی دردانشگاه Provide a FRAMEWORK for curriculum development of entrepreneurship in different departments Lead to developing KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS for entrepreneurial activities Provide for acquisition and application of CORE ACADEMIC SKILLS Are both a CONTEXT FOR LEARNING and SUBJECT MATTER for CURRICULUM

13 ترکیب برنامه درسی آموزش کار آفرینی الف) مهارتهای کار آفرینی/ب)مهارتهای آماده سازی برای شروع کار/ج)آشنایی با کار کردهای کسب و کار

14 الف) مهارتهای کار آفرینی Understands concepts and processes associated with successful entrepreneurial performance. Provides the unique expertise that entrepreneurs use during the entire process of creating and managing a business: a) Entrepreneurial Processes b) Entrepreneurial Traits/Behaviors

15 ب)مهارتهای آماده سازی برای شروع کار ( g) Financial Management ( k) Human Resource Management ( l) Information Management ( m) Marketing Management ( n) Operation Management ( o) Risk Management (p) Strategic Management

16 ج)آشنایی با کار کردهای کسب و کار (q) Understands fundamental business concepts that affect business decision making.

17 برخی اقدامات در سوی کارآفرینی دانشگاهی Conduct a department heads workshop Consider team teaching courses Offer a financial literacy course Offer summer courses in entrepreneurship Offer a summer workshop for faculty Offer a speaker series with visiting scholars Create freshman seminars Create undergraduate research fellows Create experiential learning opportunities

18 اگر دانشگاه تهران بخواهد در سوی کار آفرینی دانشگاهی عمل کند: U.T. would use its knowledge and resources to catalyze national social, economic, and cultural development. This culture of academic enterprise breaks from traditional disciplinary and organizational constraints and allows the university to harness its knowledge in new ways.

19 برنامه موفق کار آفرینی دانشگاهی باید از ویژگیها ی زیر برخوردار باشد : Leadership commitment Reduced barriers Broad Multi-disciplinary approach Outcome-focused Creativity and innovation Intelligent risk- taking Sustainable Transforms society

20 نشانگرهای کار آفرینی دانشگاهی 1. Definition and vision for entrepreneurship clearly tied to the university mission 2. An index for measuring impact 3. Degree, concentration or course in every school 4. Percent of students taking advantage of entrepreneurship opportunities 5. Community and region explicitly taken into account in initiatives 6. Alumni network for continued training and mentoring of current students 7. Rising number of faculty engaged in entrepreneurship 8. Programs and infrastructure to support students and faculty starting new ventures 9. Internships in entrepreneurship 10. Unit, student, faculty networks, clubs, organizations 11. A particular institutional focus that is unique and innovative 12. Collaboration with other universities on regional or topical issues 13. Sustainable partnerships

21 اصول یادگیری درکار آفرینی دانشگاهی Knowledge and skills (competences) are created through action, and the learner is an actor Student, as life-long learner, has a holistic relationship with his/her environment Student has a holistic relationship with him/herself and his/her action Leaner as an actor is: - Unique - Free, creative and capable of taking responsibility of his/her own actions and its consequences

22 مثالی از کار آفرینی دانشگاهی در کشورهای دیگر:امریکا In the United States, over 125 engineering colleges are now offering programs which prepare and motivate engineering students to create new businesses. These programs have been received enthusiastically by students.

23 نتیجه گیری *دانشگاه تهران به عنوان نمادآموزش عالی ایرن باید پیشقراول اشاعه تفکر کار آفرینی در کلیه سطوح نظام آموزشی باشد. *”ذات نا یافته از هستی بخش ،کی تواند که شود هستی بخش” بنابراین دانشگاه تهران ابتدا باید تفکر کار آفرینی را دردانشکده ها و گروه های آموزشی خود عملی سازد تا سرمشق دیگر دانشگاههای کشور گردد.