The Constitutional Convention Purpose: To revise the Article of Confederation! 12/13 states send delegates e.com/watch?v=T3 At8QiudnQ e.com/watch?v=T3 At8QiudnQ

Representation Issue Virginia Plan Bicameral House: Lower house # determined by population directly elected by voters; Upper House chosen by the Lower house. President chosen by both houses. New Jersey Plan Unicameral House where each state receives one vote; Executive committee chosen by and from the House Compromise/Solution The Great Compromise A bicameral legislature consisting of 2 houses A. The Senate/Upper House – Equal representation, 2 per state. Serve for 6 years. B. The H of R/Lower House – Representation based on population. Serve for 2 years C. President to be elected by the electoral college

The Presidency Issue How would the President be elected? How long? Compromise/Solution The Electoral College was created for the President. Each states electors = the number of representatives. In later years the Electoral College promised to vote based upon what the majority of each state wanted. This become known as the electoral college promise. 4 years

Slavery Issue How would slaves be counted? The North wanted slaves counted for tax purposes, the south wanted slaves counted for representation purposes Would slavery continue? Compromise/Solution 3/5 Compromise – Slaves will be counted as 3/5 a person for both tax and representation purposes Yes, but... – The international slave trade will end in 1808

Power of the Federal Government Issue How would the powers of the states be protected? How would the central government’s power be limited so that it could not take away people’s rights? Compromise/Solution Federalism – Known as division of powers. The federal government has certain powers, the states have certain powers, and some powers are shared between federal and state – Supremacy Clause: The federal government is the Supreme Law of the Land Checks and Balances – 3 Branches of government, each given certain powers that limit the powers of the other branches. Known as separation of powers

Federalism: Concurrent Powers Pass laws Borrowing Penal system General welfare of citizens Taxation Court system Law enforcement agencies Charter banks and corporations

Federalism: National Government Only Delegated Powers – Interstate and Foreign commerce – Declare war – Foreign relations – Coin/regulate $ – Immigration rules – Postal service – Military – Patents/Copyrights Implied Powers – Contained in the elastic clause of Article 1, Section 8: Allows Congress to stretch the delegated powers when “necessary and proper”

Federalism: Reserved Powers ( state govt. only) Regulate intrastate commerce Establish local governments Provide for public health Qualify voters Supervise elections License occupations

Answer the following: The US Constitution was created through a series of compromises. Assess the validity of this statement. Use at least 3 different examples.

The Federalist Papers Who gave these men at the Constitutional Convention the authority to re-write the US government? Who may be opposed to this new Constitution? Need the Federalist Papers to convince some people and states to ratify it. Federalist Papers = anonymous letters/editorials to sway public opinion.

2 Biggest Problems some had with the Constitution Did not contain a Bill of Rights States felt as though they were losing their power

2 emerging Political Parties Federalists For the Constitution Believes in federalism, but more power should be with a strong central government Not need a Bill of Rights More Northern, wealthy, educated Conservative Indirect elections with long terms of office Hamilton, Jay, Adams Anti-Federalists Against the Constitution Believes that more power should rest with the states A Bill of rights is necessary! More Southern and Western, common man with common sense Liberal Direct elections with short terms of office Jefferson, Patrick Henry Madison

Party Positions Imagine both Federalists and Anti-Federalists are running for office, think and complete the following: – What do they stand for specifically? Think taxes, civil liberties, expansion of the US (Platform) – What symbol would you use to represent them? – What would be a catchy slogan to get people to remember your party? – Find an actual quote from the time period that represents each party