THE ILS AND BEYOND: INTRODUCTION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS Marshall Breeding Director for Innovative Technology and Research Vanderbilt University Library Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides DeVry January 14, 2011

Abstract  The shape of library collections and the needs of their users present major challenges for the development of adequate technology support components. Marshall Breeding will present his view of the current state of the art of library management systems, the role of discovery products to improve end-user experiences.

Agenda  Agenda  What is an ILS  What are the advantages  Current trends in the marketplace  What to look for when selecting an ILS  Best of breed  Q&A  If time permits  How can an ILS reduce operating expenses  Can an ILS market a library’s services  Success stories (best demonstrated practices)  Benefits of an ILS to the patron

What is an ILS and why libraries need them

Definition  Integrated Library System (US)  Library Management System (UK / Australia)  Business automation for library operations  Service delivery for library patrons  Multiple modules that specialize in different sectors of library activity  Tied together through common databases

Traditional ILS Model Circulation BIB Staff Interfaces: Holding / Items Circ Transact UserVendorPolicies $$$ Funds CatalogingAcquisitionsSerialsOnline Catalog Public Interfaces: Interfaces Business Logic Data Stores

ILS Modules  Cataloging  Resource description  MARC bibliographic records, holdings, items  Circulation  Manages tasks related to lending materials  Loan policies, fines, notices, renewals, holds  Acquisitions  Procurement of new materials  Vendor file, fund management, invoice processing  Serials  Manages periodicals and serials  Procurement, check-in, routing

ILS front-end: online catalog  OPAC = online public access catalog  Access to the collection and services for library patron  Search and display of materials  Patron services  Login with barcode / PIN or Username/Password  View current checkouts  Place holds  Pay fines  OPACs being displaced by next-gen catalogs or discovery interfaces

History of the ILS  Emerged in the early 1970’s  Companies or products included Geac, CLSI, DataPhase  Cycles of technology:  Mainframe > Client/Server > Web-based  Library Development > Vendors >  Open source / Library Development

History of Library Automation Industry

ILS companies/products  Ex Libris  Voyager  Aleph  SirsiDynix  Symphony  Horizon  The Library Corporation  Library.Solution  Polaris Library Systems  Polaris  Innovative Interfaces  Millennium  OCLC  Web-scale Management Services  VTLS  Virtua  Auto-Grapics  AGent Verso

ILS products: small library  Library World  Biblionix  Apollo  Mandarin  Follett  Destiny  Book Systems  Atriuum

Open Source ILS  Koha  Evergreen  OPALS

Advantages of the ILS

ILS enables operational efficiency  Automates routine tasks performed by library staff  Enables library personnel to focus on most value added activities  Manages and provides access to library collections in ways not possible with manual systems

ILS Strengths  The ILS was conceived primarily for managing print resources  Central application for managing patrons and providing self-service functions through a Web- based OPAC  Connects with self-check stations and other peripheral systems  Essential automation for any library with physical assets

The Shrinking ILS  The Library Management System no longer stands as the single library automation product that provides comprehensive support for all aspects of library operations.  Many libraries putting much less emphasis on LMS  Manages workflows related to physical materials  Investments in electronic content increasing  Management of e-content handled outside of the ILS

…shrinking ILS  Yet: libraries need comprehensive business automation more than ever. Mandate for more efficient operations. Do more with less.  Proliferation of automation products needed to handle all aspects of libraries can overwhelm many libraries  Libraries lack technical personnel and needed capital to purchase and manage multiple systems

Breaking out of the mold  Academic and Research libraries especially struggle with how to deal with managing increasing proportions of licensed electronic content  ILS geared toward print materials  New products aim to manage library resources spanning print and electronic; owned or licensed  Examples: Ex Libris Alma, Kuali OLE

Legacy ILS + e-content modules Federated Search Circulation Acquisitions Cataloging Serials OpenURL Linking Electronic Resource Mgmt System Staff Interfaces: End User Interfaces: Data Stores: Functional modules:

ILS / Electronic Resource Management Circulation BIB Staff Interfaces: Holding / Items Circ Transact UserVendorPolicies $$$ Funds CatalogingAcquisitionsSerialsOnline Catalog Public Interfaces: Application Programming Interfaces ` License Management License Terms E-resource Procurement Vendors E-Journal Titles Protocols: CORE

ILS / Electronic Resource Management Circulation BIB Staff Interfaces: Holding / Items Circ Transact UserVendorPolicies $$$ Funds CatalogingAcquisitions Serials + e-resources Online Catalog Public Interfaces: Application Programming Interfaces License manager License Terms Print + Electronic

Industry Trends

Current state of the industry

Library Technology Guides

Dynamics of the ILS market

Library Journal Automation Marketplace  Published annually in April 1 issue  Based on data provided by each vendor  Focused primarily on North America  Context of global library automation market

Annual Industry report published in Library Journal:  2010: New Models, Core Systems  2009: Investing in the Future  2008: Opportunity out of turmoil  2007: An industry redefined  2006: Reshuffling the deck  2005: Gradual evolution  2004: Migration down, innovation up  2003: The competition heats up  2002: Capturing the migrating customer LJ Automation Marketplace

New Models… … no longer an industry where companies compete on the basis of the best or the most features in similar products but one where companies distinguish themselves through products and services that define different futures for their library customers.

Core Systems… Although ILS sales no longer completely define the library automation market, new sales and ongoing support of these flagship products continue as the largest and most reliable revenue stream.

Key Context: Libraries in Transition  Shift from Print > Electronic  Increasing emphasis on subscribed content, especially articles and databases  Strong emphasis on digitizing local collections  Demands for enterprise integration and interoperability

Key Context: Library Users in Transition  New generations of library users:  Millennial generation Self sufficient – reluctant to seek assistance Perceive themselves as competent to use information tools without help  Web savvy / Digital natives  Pervasive Web 2.0 concepts /  Inherently collaborative work styles

Key Context: Technologies in transition  XML / Web services / Service-oriented Architecture  Beyond Web 2.0 Integration of social computing into core infrastructure  Local computing shifting to cloud platforms SaaS / private cloud / public cloud  Full spectrum of devices full-scale / net book / tablet / mobile Mobile the current focus, but is only one example of device and interface cycles

Dynamics of the Library Automation Scene  Evolutionary ILS  Revolutionary ILS  Open source and Proprietary alternatives

ILS: a legacy concept?  ILS = Integrated Library System (Cataloging + Circulation + OPAC + Serials + Acquisitions)  Focused on print and physical inventory  Electronic content at the Journal Title or collection level  Emerged in the 1960’s – 1970’s  Functionality has evolved and expanded, but basic concepts, workflows, and modules remain intact  Note: Some companies work toward evolving the ILS to competently handle both print and digital content (e.g. Innovative Interfaces)

Evolutionary path  Gradual enhancement of long-standing ILS platforms  Wrap legacy code in APIs and Web services  SirsiDynix  Unicorn (+Horizon functionality) > Symphony  Innovative  INNOVAQ > INNOPAC > Millennium > Encore  Civica  Urica > Spydus (Urica Integrated Systems, Amalgamated Wireless Australia, McDonnell Douglas Information Systems, Sanderson)

 Traditional Proprietary Commercial ILS  Millennium, Symphony, Polaris  Traditional Open Source ILS  Evergreen, Koha  Clean slate automation framework (SOA, enterprise-ready)  Ex Libris URM, OLE Project  Cloud-based automation system  WorldCat Local (+circ, acq, license management) Competing Models of Library Automation

Rethinking library automation  Fundamental assumption: Print + Digital = Hybrid libraries  Traditional ILS model alone not adequate for hybrid libraries  Libraries currently moving toward surrounding core ILS with additional modules to handle electronic content  New discovery layer interfaces replacing or supplementing ILS OPACS  Working toward a new model of library automation  Monolithic legacy architectures replaced by fabric of SOA applications  Comprehensive Resource Management “It's Time to Break the Mold of the Original ILS” Computers in Libraries Nov/Dec 2007

Open Source ILS

Characteristics  Source code made available when distributed  Coordinated development community  Commercial development / support firms  Individual programmers at customer sites  Services-based business model  Conversion, installation configuration  Hosting  Ongoing support

Major players  Evergreen: public library consortia  Koha: mid-sized academic and public  OPALS: K-12 schools, other small libraries  ABCD: libraries and documentation centers in developing countries

Evergreen  Originally developed by Georgia Public Library System for PINES consortium (262 small public libraries)  Service-oriented, consortial design  Feature set suited for public library consortia  Missing many features for Academics: serials, acquisitions, reserve, etc

Implementations  Georgia PINES  British Columbia Sitka consortium  Sage Library System (Oregon)  South Central Library System (MN with support from MnPALS)  King County Library System  Bibliomation (Connecticut)  Not seen yet outside North America

Koha  Open source ILS  Originally developed in New Zealand  Used by many libraries in the United States with commercial support  Gaining hold in Latin America  Spanish translation available; some local/regional development  Popular forward migration path from CDS/ISIS  Workshops and training available  MARC21-based system with adequate features

Koha Worldwide

Open source drivers  Disruption of products forced through mergers and acquisitions  Frustration with ability to shape the direction of development with vendors of proprietary products  Interest in taking stronger hold of the strategic technologies that impact service delivery and operations  Willingness to support equal or higher cost to regain control  Some libraries expect long-term financial savings

 US: PTFS/LibLime, ByWater Solutions, Equinox, MediaFlex  Australia/NZ: Katipo, CALYX information essentials, Strategic Data, Catalyst  Building support  Concept of open source  Promotion of specific products  Struggling to meet expectations  Satisfaction lower than many companies offering proprietary products  Some companies offering proprietary products score much lower than open source Open Source Companies

Alma: new automation platform from Ex Libris  Recently branded from development name Unified Resource Management  Automation platform for managing library resources across formats  Highly shared data models  Designed for multitenant SaaS  Expected delivery of production product in Early 2012

Alma -- continued  Development partners and Early Adopters engaged  Target market: national, larger research, academic  Forward migration path for Voyager and Aleph  Relies on Primo discovery layer  Market impact: 2013 and beyond

OCLC Web-scale Management Service  "the first Web-scale, cooperative library management service”  New highly scaleable platform for WorldCat  Cataloging  Interlibrary loan  Discovery (WorldCat Local)  Circulation  Acquisitions  License Management  Early deployments underway now – UTC, Pepperdine, etc In Challenge to ILS Industry, OCLC Extends WorldCat Local To Launch New Library System Marshall Breeding, Library Journal 4/23/

Open Systems  Achieving openness has risen as the key driver behind library technology strategies  Open source  Open API’s  Demand for Interoperability  Libraries need to do more with their data  Ability to improve customer experience

Closed Systems Circulation Acquisitions Cataloging Staff Interfaces: End User Interfaces: Data Stores: Functional modules: No programmable Access to the system. Captive to the user Interfaces supplied by the developer Programmer access:

Open Source Model Circulation Acquisitions Cataloging Staff Interfaces: End User Interfaces: Data Stores: Functional modules: All aspects of the system available to inspection and modification. Programmer access:

Open API Model Circulation Acquisitions Cataloging Staff Interfaces: End User Interfaces: Data Stores: Functional modules: Core application closed. Third party developers code against the published APIs or RDBMS tables. Programmer access: Published APIs

Open Source / Open API Model Circulation Acquisitions Cataloging Staff Interfaces: End User Interfaces: Data Stores: Functional modules: Core application closed. Third party developers code against the published APIs or RDBMS tables. Programmer access: Published APIs

Legacy ILS Model / External API Circulation BIB Staff Interfaces: Holding / Items Circ Transact UserVendorPolicies $$$ Funds CatalogingAcquisitionsSerialsOnline Catalog Public Interfaces: Application Programming Interfaces / Web Services Protocols: SIP2 NCIP Z39.50 OAI-PMH External Systems & Services Flexible Interoperability

Benefits of APIs to Libraries  Extensibility  Interoperability  Allows the LMS to connect with other automation components  Create a matrix of interconnected systems rather than isolated silos with redundant data and functionality  ILS maturity means similar levels of functionality  ILS products increasingly differentiated by extent and quality of APIs and interoperability support

Consolidated index Search Engine Discovery Service Search: Digital Coll ProQuest EBSCO … JSTOR Other Resources New Library Management Model ` API Layer Library Management System Learning Management Enterprise Resource Planning Stock Management Self-Check / Automated Return Authentication Service Smart Cad / Payment systems

From local discovery to comprehensive discovery New models of Library Collection Discovery

Evolution of library collection discovery tools  Bound handwritten catalogs  Card Catalogs  Library online catalogs – OPACs  Next-Gen Catalogs / Discovery interfaces  Social Discovery  Web-scale discovery services  Comprehensive presentation layer services

Bound Catalog National Library of Colombia

Card Catalog National Library of Argentina

Card Catalog National and University Library, Slovenia

Card Catalog

University of Kansas Library

Online Card Catalog Salem International University

Computerized card catalog

Online Catalog Search: Search Results ILS Data

Web-based online catalog

Disjointed approach to information and service delivery  Silos Prevail  Books: Library OPAC (ILS module)  Articles: Aggregated content products, e-journal collections  OpenURL linking services  E-journal finding aids (Often managed by link resolver)  Subject guides (e.g. Springshare LibGuides)  Local digital collections ETDs, photos, rich media collections  Metasearch engines  All searched separately

Federated Search  Simultaneous search of library catalog and selected remote resources of electronic content  Based on live, dynamic queries cast to multiple targets  Limited result sets, slow performance  Search and retrieval protocols: Z39.50, XML gateways

Federated Search Search: Digital Collections ProQuest EBSCOhost … MLA Bibliography ABC-CLIO Search Results Real-time query and responses ILS Data

Modernized Interface  Single search box  Query tools  Did you mean  Type-ahead  Relevance ranked results  Faceted navigation  Enhanced visual displays  Cover art  Summaries, reviews,  Recommendation services

Discovery Products

Decoupled from ILS / Best of Breed

Discovery Interface Search: Digital Collections ProQuest EBSCOhost … MLA Bibliography ABC-CLIO Search Results Real-time query and responses ILS Data Local Index MetaSearch Engine

Endeca

AquaBrowser

LS2 PAC

VuFind VuFind: Villanova University

Differentiation in Discovery  Products increasingly specialized between public and academic libraries  Public libraries: emphasis on engagement with physical collection  Academic libraries: concern for discovery of heterogeneous material types, especially books + articles + digital objects

Discovery from Local to Web-scale  Initial products focused on technology  AquaBrowser, Endeca, Primo, Encore, VuFind  Mostly locally-installed software  Current phase focused on pre-populated indexes that aim to deliver Web-scale discovery  Summon (Serials Solutions)  WorldCat Local (OCLC)  EBSCO Discovery Service (EBSCO)  Primo Central  Encore Synergy

Web-scale Discovery Search: Digital Collections ProQuest EBSCOhost … MLA Bibliography ABC-CLIO Search Results Pre-built harvesting and indexing Consolidated Index ILS Data

Web-scale Search + Federated Search Search: Digital Collections ProQuest … MLA Bibliography ABC-CLIO Search Results Pre-built harvesting and indexing Consolidated Index ILS Data Fed Search Non- harvestable Resources Non- harvestable Resources Interim model to deal with resources not possible to harvest into consolidated index

Summon

EBSCO Discovery Service

Encore Synergy

Primo / Primo Central

Encore Synergy Search: Digital Collections ProQuest … Local Index ILS Data Web Services Local Index Results Remote Search Results EBSCOhost … MLA Bibliography ABC-CLIO

Social Discovery  Builds on modernized library catalog interfaces  Strong emphasis on Web 2.0 concepts  Users invited to contribute reviews, ratings, preferences, reading lists, etc.  User-supplied data becomes part of the discovery process  Users help each other to find interesting library materials  Example: Leverage use data for a recommendation service of scholarly content based on link resolver data: Ex Libris bX service

Social Discovery Search: Digital Collections Web site data … User Contributed Content Search Results Local Index ILS Data

BiblioCommons

SoPAC

Questions and discussion

Thanks!