Revolutions English, American, French, Napoleon

English Revolution Origins: Issues of succession from Henry VIII/Mary/Elizabeth and Mary Queen of Scots After Elizabeth dies the son of Mary Queen of Scots takes over the throne as James I (King James Bible) Charles I takes over after his dad and continues to believe in the idea of Divine Right of Kings. Charles needs money so tries to take it from his subjects but is presented with the Petition of Right Said that can’t just tax whenever gave power to parliament

English Rev. Cont. Charles ticks off his fellow Scotts when he enforces Anglican changes to Presbyterian traditions Needs to call Parliament to get money to fight Scottish and Irish Cavaliers (supported King) fought against Roundheads (Puritan) leaders and led to a war over command of the national army. Oliver Cromwell takes the lead of the Roundheads and creates the New Model Army to fight the king

English Rev. Cont. Cromwell beheads the king and abolished monarchy! Decides he doesn’t like working with Parliament The English people choose Charles II (son of the guy they beheaded) as the new king in 1660 No sons meant the adoption of his brother James II as the new king. (supporters were called Tories, anti-king called Whigs)

English Rev. Cont. Glorious Revolution: Parliament was not happy with the Catholic James II so choose his daughter Mary’s husband William of Orange to take over. William is able to take over without any fighting and James II runs away. Since Parliament helped William he does whatever they want.

American Rev. Origins: French and Indian War caused a large debt the Brits expected us to pay. Tax as a result of war debt Stamp Act Tea Act 1/3 Patriots, 1/3 Loyalists, 1/3 did not choose Taxation without representation was seen as tyranny and a break of the Social Contract

American Rev. July 4 th, 1776 delegates signed the Declaration of Independence of the US. Thomas Jefferson said we deserve the rights of Life, Liberty, and Happiness Battle of Saratoga shows that Americans stand a chance, gain the French as allies George Washington became a war hero and elected afterwards as the first president

American Rev the Americans win at Yorktown, VA and the British back off but were they really defeated? Treaty of Paris recognizes the US. as a separate nation in 1783 The Constitution of the US. is adopted in 1787 with government formed under a three party system Legislative: Congress makes laws Executive: President leads Judicial: Judges All branches have a checks and balance Bill of Rights offers the American people their civil liberties

French Rev. Three Estates existed in France in the 1700’s 1 st (church) 2 nd (nobles) 3 rd (poor and regular workers) King Louis XVI needs money so calls the Estates General Kicks the 3 rd Estate out when he fears they may take over Tennis Court Oath Ticked off, the Third Estate members meet together at a tennis court and plan to stay until they have a constitution that offers them rights

French Rev. Cont. Parisians go to Versailles and capture the king and bring him to Paris 3 rd Estate forms the Declaration of the Rights of Man Declares that all deserve liberty, equality, fraternity Constitution of 1791 gives power to the 3 rd estate and restricts power of the king Conservatives (content with what they accomplished) vs. Radicals (want more done)

French Rev. Cont. Committee of Public Safety led by Robespierre created to enforce the new laws. They execute King Louis XVI and his wife Usher in a time known as the Reign of Terror from People start to worry that the CPS is worse than having a king

Napoleon to the Rescue Napoleon Bonaparte believed in a Meritocracy and using the military to get his way Civil Code offers rights to the regular people Works with the Catholic Church to keep people moral individuals Controls Europe from Spain-Russia by 1812

Napoleon Falters Life was good in France until defeats in Russia force Napoleon to exile Napoleon returns but is defeated at Waterloo by the British