The Great War 1914-1918 Chapter 29

Section 1 Marching Toward War

Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism Rising Tensions The 1800s was a period where most Europeans sought peace Below the surface, the story was very different Countries began to embrace ideas that made war inevitable Rise of Nationalism Imperialism Militarism – celebrated strength and preparation for war Needed to protect colonies Alliances MAIN CAUSES OF WWI Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism

Tangling Alliances Result of growing rivalries Initially meant to maintain peace In an attempt to isolate France, Bismarck (Germany) created the Triple Alliance with Austria-Hungary, Italy, and Russia in 1881 When Kaiser Wilhelm II takes back power in 1890 and makes 2 big mistakes Lets Russia slip away Begins building a navy to rival Britain Britain, Russia, and France will join the Triple Entente in 1907

Crisis in the Balkans Known as the “powder keg” of Europe, the Balkans were filled with ethnic diversity Nowhere was the situation more on the brink than Serbia vs Austria on the issue of Bosnia Bosnia was culturally more like Serbia but Austria had annexed them

Assassination On 6/28/1914, a Serbian nationalist assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir to the Austrian throne) and wife in Sarajevo, Bosnia Austria used this as an excuse for war with Serbia, an ally of Russia Despite pleading from the rest of Europe, the war had started

Turn in your Imperialism Projects (if you have not already done so) AND NOW… Turn in your Imperialism Projects (if you have not already done so) Finish your Chapter 29 Crossword DUE TOMORROW @ the beginning of class Begin working on “The Great War” Project

Warmup # 21.1 (29.1) Militarism Balkans What is the policy that glorifies military power and keeps an army prepared for war? What region is known as the “powder keg” of Europe? Why did imperialism lead to militarism? What event ignited The Great War? Militarism Balkans Parent countries needed to protect their empires Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Section 2 Europe Plunges into War

The Great War Begins Austria’s declaration on Serbia set off a chain reaction Russia moves troops to Austrian border AND German border Germany declares war on Russia 2 days later, they declare war on France also Britain declares war on Germany

Taking Sides By 1914, there were 2 clear sides Central Powers – Germany and Austria-Hungary (Bulgaria and the Ottomans join later) Allied Powers – Britain, France, and Russia (Japan and Italy later) Few realized how long the war would last

Western Front The war quickly stalled on the French border (western front) Germany’s strategy (Shlieffen Plan) required quickly defeating France and then taking on Russia Initially successful, it stalled when the German’s reached Paris (Battle of the Marne)

Trench Warfare While in France, Germany was attacked by Russia in the east Soldiers began digging trenches for protection Led to huge losses with no progress Battle of Verdun – 300,000 deaths and virtually no change New technology (machine guns, poison, tanks, large artillery) led to more deaths

Eastern Front Russia/Germany border More mobile than the West, they still failed to make progress (stalemate) Russia lacked most resources because of their failure to industrialize food, weapons, clothes, and blankets were in short supply Population was their only strength

Begin working on “The Great War” Project AND NOW… Begin working on “The Great War” Project

Great War Project: Propaganda 2 pieces (recreation = copied) Must have one from the allies and one from the central powers

Great War Project: Rations Another recreation

Great War Project: Technology Find 5 new military technologies Put together a PowerPoint (1 slide per tech) with a picture and a description of how it changed the war

Great War Project: Maps Need a before and an after for how European territories changed after WWI

Their location in central Europe Trench Warfare Battle of Verdun Warm-up #21.2 (29.2) The Schlieffen plan called for a quick attack on ____ and then on ____. Why were Germany and Austria-Hungary known as the Central Powers? What style of fighting was developed to protect soldiers on the front line from gunfire? What battle serves as an example of the horrid nature of #7? France; Russia Their location in central Europe Trench Warfare Battle of Verdun

Section 3 A Global Conflict

Effects on the World The Great War quickly involved all reaches of the globe In Africa, the Allies capture 3/4 of the German colonies In Asia, the Japanese quickly German outposts in China and captured the island colonies

America Joins In The German use of unrestricted submarine warfare in the Atlantic angered Americans Lusitania in 1915 Germany announced this policy in 1917. This, along with the Zimmermann note, forced the US to declare war The Zimmermann note sought Mexico’s support in exchange for the territory they had lost to the US

Affects at Home After 3 years of fighting, more people had died than in the wars for the previous 300 years The war quickly began to affect people at home, becoming a total war (nations devote all of their resources toward the war) Nations quickly became military dictatorships

Total War Factories were converted to make war materials Everybody worked (including women) Rationing was used to keep the soldiers supplied Censorship limited antiwar activities Governments used propaganda to keep the war “popular”

The Allies Win US entrance gave the Allies the advantage Revolution in Russia led to a Russia-Germany treaty that allowed Germany to devote resources to the West 2nd Battle of Marne (1918) was won by the Allies because of “fresh” US troops Lack of supplies led the Central Powers to crumble In Nov 1918, an armistice was signed

Legacy of War Life - Soldiers and civilians had died by the millions Economic – drained the treasuries and destroyed farmland Social – disillusionment about life changed art and literature Future Security – Treaty of Versailles Rank Death Toll Event Dates 1 55,000,000 Second World War 1937/39-1945 2 40,000,000 China: Mao Zedong's) 1949-76 3 20,000,000 USSR: Stalin's regime 1924-53 4 15,000,000 First World War 1914-18

Begin working on “The Great War” Project AND NOW… Begin working on “The Great War” Project WWI rations posters WWI propaganda posters WWI before and after map Europe WWI military technology Vocab Quiz tomorrow

Unrestricted submarine warfare Warm-up #21.3 (29.3) Which country was most responsible for bringing the US into WWI? What is the name for a war in which countries devote all of their resources to the war effort? What term refers to the German policy to sink any ship in British waters without warning? Germany Total War Unrestricted submarine warfare

Section 4 A Flawed Peace

The Allies Meet Big Four met in Jan 1919 at the Palace of Versailles US – Woodrow Wilson France – Clemenceau Britain – George Italy – Orlando Not in attendance Russia – Civil war Germany and their allies

Wilson’s Plan Consisted of Fourteen Points to achieve a lasting peace Ended secret treaties Freedom of the seas Free trade Smaller armies End colonialism (or at least make it “more fair”) Border changes (self-determination) An association of nations

Treaty of Versailles Britain and France paid little attention to Wilson’s plan They wanted revenge The treaty, signed in June 1919, punished Germany Lost land, limited military, “guilt clause” put reparation 100% on them Did embrace Wilson’s fourteenth point (League of Nations)

Problems with the Treaty Left a legacy of bitterness and hatred Each of the central powers lost land New countries were created in Europe Mandates were created in the rest of the world Even allies were angry Russia lost land, Japan and Italy gained little, America became isolationist

AND NOW… Vocab Quiz today Begin working on “The Great War” Project WWI rations posters WWI propaganda posters WWI before and after map Europe WWI military technology Chapter 30 Vocab Crossword