UNIT 7 LESSON 5

LEARNING OBJECTIVE  Student will be able to discuss urban sprawl, gentrification, and movement from CBD

WHERE WE LEFT OFF…  Central Business District  Expensive land  Used primarily for business purposes  Then in the 1960’s….  People really started to move away (think Pruitt-Igoe)  So the CBD still has businesses, but not to the extent before  Large cities still have very desirable land-use for this area, but mostly for corporate buildings

WHERE DID EVERYONE GO? (1960’S & EARLY 1970’S)  1 st : Who is everyone? (People wealthy enough to have cars)  2 nd : Succession occurs  When one population moves from an area, another moves in…so in the city the “wealthy areas” become inhabited by middle-class, middle-class areas inhabited by low-income earners…low- income earner areas typically then become immigrant areas.  Wealthy people first move to the suburbs  Middle-Class then follows  Leads to “Urban Decay” (Pruitt-Igoe)

DENSITY GRADIENT -It’s impossible to see this picture unless it’s on your computer, even then you might need to adjust it. -This shows the “Density Gradient” of Chicago in 1900 and how it changes to Density Gradient is about how many people live per-square hectare. As the population becomes more mobile, the population spreads further out from CBD.

URBAN SPRAWL  Sprawl: “the progressive spread of development over the landscape.”  New developers who build suburbs will seek out cheap land  Typically not contiguous to existing built-up land (which would be more expensive)  Creates pockets or gaps in cities because developers will often leave vacant areas  Roads and utilities most extend to connect new developments  Wastes land

U.K. and a few cities in U.S. will have a “Green Belt”, nothing can be developed in that area; forcing more concentration and less sprawling.

LET’S GO TO THE CITY! (2000’S)  Urban renewal  Younger business professionals find the CBD and central city areas attractive places  Urban renewal projects often specifically targeted this group by building up night-life and/or public transportation  People are moving back to the city (typically people without families)  Detropia; remember the artist talking about the cheap housing?

HOORAY! GENTRIFICATION  Businesses/housing want to attract the younger/more affluent customer so build up specifically for that person  Areas that were previously “blighted” are invested in and renovated to attract the people moving back to the city.  Increase tax base, bring in more money for services  Drive-up the overall value of an area  gentrification  When you walk out the front door of school today; look up, see the construction, this is gentrification.

OH-NO! GENTRIFICATION.  More people want to live in the area (drive up demand)  Increased rents (remember, lower socio-economic more renters)  Increased cost of housing  Increased cost of housing leads to an increase in property values  Even if a person does not want to sell their property taxes go up.  Property taxes are the amount a person owes EVERY year; regardless if they own their house  Higher property taxes means that people are forced out  House is sold for cheap b/c it’s a “tear-down” only the land is being bought