The Renaissance in Italy

Features of the ITALIAN Renaissance  What does the word mean?  New Secular and scientific values combine with a spirit of adventure and curiosity (a desire to comprehend the world in which they live)  Still Christian in attitude but transition from:  Medieval to modern world  religious to lay authority  Agricultural to urban  Focus on HUMAN experience in the here and now

Why Italy  History and geography  The Papacy  Trade  Wealth of city states Created Patrons to support the arts  Ex: Florence: The Medici’s  Ideas from the East

Humanism  Intellectual movement which celebrated the dignity of mankind. The study of Latin and Greek classics and of Church fathers for their own sake, not to come to a closer understanding of God  Still pious Christians  Education to stimulate creativity  Rhetoric, Poetry, History  Francesco Petrarch: Father of Italian humanism  Letters to the Ancient Dead

A new secular spirit  Material instead of eternal world  Pope Julius II tore down the old St. Peters basilica (Michelangelo the dome)  (next slide)  Machiavelli The Prince: No need to be guided by a pre-determined code of behavior  Safer to be feared than loved  “Ruthless political expediency” (ends justify means)

Important Renaissance Artists  Michelangelo : Pieta, David, Sistine Chapel  Leonardo DaVinci: Mona Lisa, inventor, dissection of corpses  Raphael: Madonna's, School of Athens  Botticelli: The Birth of Venus, Adoration of the Magi  Brunelleschi: The Cathedral of Florence, Linear perspective

St. Peters Dome

New Techniques and skills  Painting  Oil paints (north) eventually replace frescoes  Chiaroscuro (light and shade)  Linear perspective  Realism / Detail /Human Anatomy  Architecture: Return to Classical style  Columns, Domes and Arches  Filippo Brunelleschi

Essential question?  How did the shift in art reflect the shift in mindset that occurred between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance?

 Brunelleschi’s Dome in Florence

The Vocation of Peter and Andrew (Duccio)

The Birth of Venus Botticelli

Mona Lisa and anatomy sketches Leonardo DaVinci

The Pieta and Moses at the tomb of Pope Julius II

Michaelangelo, The David The DavidThe David

Donatello (David in Bronze)

Creation (Mike, Sistene Chapel)

Temptation and Expulsion (Sistene Chapel ceiling Mike)

The adoration of the Magi Botticelli

The Trinity Massachio

Last Judgment Last Judgment

The School of Athens (Raphael)

Leonardo Da Vinci

The Renaissance in the North Albrecht Durer Self Portrait Chapter 13 section 2

The Northern Renaissance  Centered in Flanders  Differences: Deeply concerned with religion  Religious upheaval  Called for a return to an earlier simple Christian faith emphasis on the common people  Northern Artists specialize in: landscapes, detailed portraits, images of every day life (commoners)  Smaller more transportable ($ motive)  Not as much classical influence or fascination with form  Invent oil paints to replace frescoes

The Printing Revolution  Johannes Guttenberg 1455 Johannes Guttenberg Johannes Guttenberg  Impact?

Jan Van Eyck (Arnolfini)

Pieter Bruegel

Albrecht Durer: Michelangelo of the North (painter, engravings)

Northern Humanists Northern Humanists  Desiderius Erasmus from Holland -The Praise of Folly -Critical of the Church and Clergy of the period “Father” of the Northern humanist movement

Shakespeare  Human ordeal examined  Classical influence  “What a piece of work is a man, how noble in reason, how infinite in faculties, in form and moving, how express and admirable in action, how like an angel in apprehension, how like a god! The beauty of the world; the paragon of animals.” Hamlet

Sir Thomas More Sir Thomas More  Utopia (“No place”) social commentary  IMPROVE SOCIETY