Entamoeba histolytica

Differentiation of amoebic and bacillary dysentery

Diagnosis 1-Parasitic diagnosis a-Intestinal amoebiasis -stool -rectal (exudate) swab -material collected from the base of rectal ulcers b-Amoebic liver abscess -aspirated pus

A-Stool 1)Microscopy -wet preparation (general stool examination) a-saline wet preparation (trophozoites) b-iodine wet preparation (cyst) -fixed preparation (permanent staining) -iron haematoxylin -trichrome 2) Concentration 3) Culture

2-Serodiagnosis 1)Antibody Detection -IHA -IFAT -ELISA 2) Antigen Detection 3-Molecular diagnosis PCR (polymerase chain reaction) 4-Radio-imaging diagnosis US, CT scan, MRI

Epidemiology -Geographical distribution worldwide distribution 10 percent of the world's population 100,000 persons die -Source of transmission and infection Food and water cysts carriers -Infective form quadri-nucleated cyst -Susceptible population All ages

Treatment 1-Luminal amoebicides diloxanide fluorate 2-Tissue amoebicides metronidazole (flagyl) {submucosa and liver tissue} chloroquine {liver tissue} tetracycline {submucosa}

Blastocystis hominis -Morphological forms: vacuolated, amoeboid, granular and cyst forms. -Distribution: worldwide. -Habitat: large intestine. -Infective stage: cyst form. -Pathogenic role: is doubtful. -Diagnostic specimen: stool.