Napoleon World History Chp 7 Sec 3 Adv. World History Chp 3 Sec 2

The Rise of Napoleon

Objective Explain how the French Revolution led France to develop a constitutional monarchy to democratic dictator to the Napoleonic empire Explain how the French Revolution led France to develop a constitutional monarchy to democratic dictator to the Napoleonic empire

Bell Ringer Why are dictators successful in seizing control of nations? Why are dictators successful in seizing control of nations?

Background Sent to military school at age 10 Sent to military school at age 10 Start in artillery as a 16 years old lieutenant Start in artillery as a 16 years old lieutenant When revolution started he joined the New Republic Army When revolution started he joined the New Republic Army

His Accomplishments Legend began when he put down a royalist threat Legend began when he put down a royalist threat 1796 he was appointed by the Directory to be General of the French army against Austria 1796 he was appointed by the Directory to be General of the French army against Austria Swept into Italy and won many victories Swept into Italy and won many victories Became most famous general of France Became most famous general of France

Napoleon’s Coup Directory quickly loses the faith of the people Directory quickly loses the faith of the people In 1799, Napoleon takes control of France by force and assumed a dictatorship In 1799, Napoleon takes control of France by force and assumed a dictatorship He became emperor by using a plebiscite- elections where you vote yes or no He became emperor by using a plebiscite- elections where you vote yes or no He won with overwhelming support France wanted a strong leader He won with overwhelming support France wanted a strong leader Through a series of victories, Napoleon controls all most all of Europe Through a series of victories, Napoleon controls all most all of Europe

Reasons for His Success It is a citizen army It is a citizen army Excellent mobility – good cavalry & strike and retreat tactics Excellent mobility – good cavalry & strike and retreat tactics They live off the land They live off the land Wear formal uniform and look intimidating Wear formal uniform and look intimidating

His Domination of Europe By 1810, Napoleon’s empire stretched from the Atlantic Ocean to Russia. By 1810, Napoleon’s empire stretched from the Atlantic Ocean to Russia. As he marched across Europe he eliminated serfdom, introduced religious tolerance, spread the ideas of liberty, and equality. As he marched across Europe he eliminated serfdom, introduced religious tolerance, spread the ideas of liberty, and equality. Napoleon thought he was invincible Napoleon thought he was invincible He set up a universal law code know as the Napoleonic Code He set up a universal law code know as the Napoleonic Code Napoleonic Code stress a written and accessible law Napoleonic Code stress a written and accessible law

Map

Question What is nationalism? What is nationalism?

Nationalism Spreads Napoleon spreads idea about French Revolution to the countries he conquered Napoleon spreads idea about French Revolution to the countries he conquered Nationalism – loyalty to one’s own country Nationalism – loyalty to one’s own country Shared history, culture, language, religion and land Shared history, culture, language, religion and land

His First Mistake Cuts off trade between Britain and rest of Europe Cuts off trade between Britain and rest of Europe He thought this would cripple Britain He thought this would cripple Britain However, plan backfires when Britain formed a blockade to stop all French imports However, plan backfires when Britain formed a blockade to stop all French imports This hurt France and angered Napoleon’s Allies This hurt France and angered Napoleon’s Allies

His Second Mistake He misjudged the power of nationalism He misjudged the power of nationalism Nationalism inspired the French during their revolution, it also inspired the Spanish & Germans Nationalism inspired the French during their revolution, it also inspired the Spanish & Germans Napoleon lost over 300,000 men trying to wipe out the guerrillas of Spain & Germany Napoleon lost over 300,000 men trying to wipe out the guerrillas of Spain & Germany

His Third Mistake Napoleon invades Russia because the Tsar would not stop selling grain to Britain Napoleon invades Russia because the Tsar would not stop selling grain to Britain He expected his grand army to beat Russia’s small army He expected his grand army to beat Russia’s small army However, the Russians retreated to Moscow and burned everything in sight not allowing the French army live off the land. However, the Russians retreated to Moscow and burned everything in sight not allowing the French army live off the land.

Continue on 3 rd Mistake The worst winter in 100 years hits Russia The worst winter in 100 years hits Russia The Russian army completely burned down Moscow The Russian army completely burned down Moscow Napoleon lost over 400,000 men in his retreat Napoleon lost over 400,000 men in his retreat

An Injured Napoleon Sensing that Napoleon has been fatally weakened, Britain formed a Grand Alliance against France Sensing that Napoleon has been fatally weakened, Britain formed a Grand Alliance against France The Alliance’s goal was to take back all the land Napoleon had taken The Alliance’s goal was to take back all the land Napoleon had taken Within a year, the Alliance had defeated France and exiled Napoleon Within a year, the Alliance had defeated France and exiled Napoleon

The End of His Reign Exiled to Elba Exiled to Elba Escaped Elba and returned to France for 100 days Escaped Elba and returned to France for 100 days Gained a lot support and many joined the army Gained a lot support and many joined the army British and Prussian armies met Napoleon at Waterloo. Napoleon and his army was defeated British and Prussian armies met Napoleon at Waterloo. Napoleon and his army was defeated

Waterloo Ended Napoleon’s last bid for power Ended Napoleon’s last bid for power The British exiled Napoleon to the Island of Helena. He died 6 years later. The British exiled Napoleon to the Island of Helena. He died 6 years later.

Congress of Vienna A conference of ambassadors of the major powers of Europe A conference of ambassadors of the major powers of Europe Its purpose was to settle issues and redraw the continent's political map after the defeat of Napoleon Its purpose was to settle issues and redraw the continent's political map after the defeat of Napoleon Wanted peace and no more wars Wanted peace and no more wars

Metternich’s 3 Goals Believed that democracy had caused instability Believed that democracy had caused instability 1 st goal- prevent future French aggression by surrounding France with strong countries 1 st goal- prevent future French aggression by surrounding France with strong countries 2 nd goal- wanted to restore balance of power so no country would be a threat to others 2 nd goal- wanted to restore balance of power so no country would be a threat to others 3 rd goal- restore Europe’s royal families to the thrones had held before Napoleon’s conquest 3 rd goal- restore Europe’s royal families to the thrones had held before Napoleon’s conquest

Question for Understanding In textbook on page 242 In textbook on page 242 Main Ideas Main Ideas #9 #9 #10 #10 #11 #11 #12 #12 #13 #13 #14 #14 #15 #15 #16 #16 #17 #17 #18 #18