Organ Systems Organ – specialized tissues that work to perform a more complex function System – group of organs that work to perform a more complex function 11 major organ systems of the body

Integumentary Crucial to survival Primary function – protection Skin I s largest organ in system (20lbs) Accessory organs – nails, hair Includes glands

Skeletal 206 bones Includes cartilage and ligaments Function: support and protection Bones store essential minerals Formation of blood cells in bone marrow

muscular Skeletal muscles – voluntary, contraction Smooth – visceral – involuntary Cardiac – involuntary – heart Function: produce movement, maintain body posture Generates heat

Nervous Brain, spinal cord, nerves Function: communication, integration, and control of body functions

Endocrine Composed of specialized glands that secrete chemicals (hormones) Function – communication (slow but long lasting) Organs include pituitary gland, pineal gland, hypothalmus, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas and ovaries/testes

Circulatory Heart and vessels Closed system of arteries, veins and capillaries. Function- transportation (oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and hormones)

Lymphatic Lymph nodes and vessels Lymph tissue Organs – tonsils, thymus, spleen Function – movement of fluids and molecules, immune system

Respiratory Organs – nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs Function: permit movement of air

Digestive Function: proper digestion and absorption of nutrients Organs: mouth – pharynx- esophagus- stomach- small intestine – large intestine, rectum- anal canal Accessory organs – teeth, salivary glands, tongue, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, appendix

Urinary Waste product is urine Kidney – ureter- bladder – urethra Filter

Reproductive Survival of species, produce hormones Male – Testis - produce, transfer and introduce sperm to female Female – ovaries – produce eggs

Organ replacement Loss of vital organs – life threatening Loss of non-vital organs – can live without Options for loss of organs  Artificial organs prosthesis  Organ transplantation Kidney, pancreas, heart, lungs, Small intestines  Free-flap surgery tissues from body remodeled and grafted to new part of body  Stem cell treatment Growing new tissues or organs

Organ donation