Slide 0 Copyright © Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Chapter 3 Organ Systems of the Body

Slide 1 Copyright © Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Definitions and Concepts Organ—a structure made up of two or more kinds of tissues organized in such a way that they can together perform a more complex function than can any tissue alone Organ system—a group of organs arranged in such a way that they can together perform a more complex function than can any organ alone

Slide 2 Copyright © Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. (F 3-1)

Slide 3 Copyright © Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Definitions and Concepts A knowledge of individual organs and how they are organized into groups makes more meaningful the understanding of how a particular organ system functions as a whole

Slide 4 Copyright © Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Integumentary system (F 3-2)  Structure—organs  Skin  Hair  Nails  Sense receptors  Sweat glands  Oil glands (Cont’d…) Organ Systems

Slide 5 Copyright © Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Organ Systems  Functions  Protection  Regulation of body temperature  Synthesis of chemicals  Sense organ

Slide 6 Copyright © Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Organ Systems  Skeletal system (F 3-3)  Structure  Bones  Joints  Functions  Support  Movement (with joints and muscles)  Storage of minerals  Blood cell formation

Slide 7 Copyright © Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Organ Systems  Muscular system (F 3-4)  Structure  Muscles o Voluntary or striated o Involuntary or smooth o Cardiac  Functions  Movement  Maintenance of body pressure  Production of heat

Slide 8 Copyright © Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Organ Systems Nervous system (F 3-5)  Structure  Brain  Spinal cord  Nerves  Sense organs

Slide 9 Copyright © Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Organ Systems  Function  Communication  Integration  Control  Recognition of sensory stimuli  System functions by production of nerve impulses caused by stimuli of various types  Control is fast acting and of short duration

Slide 10 Copyright © Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Organ Systems Endocrine system (F 3-6)  Structure  Pituitary gland  Pineal gland  Hypothalamus  Thyroid gland  Parathyroid gland  Thymus  Adrenal glands  Pancreas  Ovaries (female)  Testes (male)

Slide 11 Copyright © Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Organ Systems  Functions  Secretion of special substances called hormones directly into the blood  Same as nervous system—communication, integration, and control  Control is slow and of long duration  Examples of hormone regulation o Growth o Metabolism o Reproduction o Fluid and electrolyte balance

Slide 12 Copyright © Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Cardiovascular (circulatory) system (F 3-7)  Structure  Heart  Blood vessels  Functions  Transportation  Regulation of body temperature  Immunity (body defense) Organ Systems

Slide 13 Copyright © Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Organ Systems Lymphatic system (F 3-8)  Structure  Lymph nodes  Lymphatic vessels  Thymus  Spleen  Functions  Transportation  Immunity (body defense)

Slide 14 Copyright © Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Organ Systems Respiratory system (F 3-9)  Structure  Nose  Pharynx  Larynx  Trachea  Bronchi  Lungs

Slide 15 Copyright © Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Organ Systems  Functions  Exchange of waste gas (carbon dioxide) for oxygen in the lungs  Area of gas exchange in the lungs called alveoli  Filtration of irritants from inspired air  Regulation of acid-base balance

Slide 16 Copyright © Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Organ Systems Digestive system (F 3-10)  Structure  Primary organs o Mouth o Pharynx o Esophagus o Stomach o Small intestine o Large intestine o Rectum o Anal canal

Slide 17 Copyright © Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Organ Systems  Accessory organs o Teeth o Salivary glands o Tongue o Liver o Gallbladder o Pancreas o Appendix

Slide 18 Copyright © Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Organ Systems (…Cont’d)  Functions  Mechanical and chemical breakdown (digestion) of food  Absorption of nutrients  Undigested waste product that is eliminated is called feces  Appendix is a structural but not a functional part of digestive system  Inflammation of appendix is called appendicitis

Slide 19 Copyright © Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Organ Systems Urinary system (F 3-11)  Structure  Kidneys  Ureters  Urinary bladder  Urethra

Slide 20 Copyright © Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Organ Systems  Functions  “Cleaning” or clearing blood of waste products— waste product excreted from body is called urine  Electrolyte balance  Water balance  Acid-base balance  In male, urethra has urinary and reproductive functions

Slide 21 Copyright © Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Organ Systems Reproductive system  Structure  Male o Gonads—testes o Genital ducts—vas deferens, urethra o Accessory gland—prostate o Supporting structures—genitalia (penis and scrotum)

Slide 22 Copyright © Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Organ Systems  Female o Gonads—ovaries o Accessory organs—uterus, uterine (fallopian) tubes, vagina o Supporting structures—genitalia (vulva), mammary glands (breasts)

Slide 23 Copyright © Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. Organ Systems  Functions  Survival of genes  Production of sex cells  Development and birth of offspring  Nourishment of offspring  Production of sex hormones

Slide 24 Copyright © Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved.