Page 1 Unit 7 Environmental hazards and human health- (ch 17)
Page 2 1. How is HIV transmitted? Unsafe sex Sharing needles Infected mothers to children Infected blood
Page 3 Risk « 2. Risk is the probability of suffering harm from a hazard that can cause injury, disease, death, economic loss or damage 3. Probability is a mathematical statement about how likely it is that harm will be suffered from a hazard.
Page 4 4. Five types of hazards 1. biological- caused by living things 2. chemical- harmful chemicals in the air, soil and food 3. physical- ex. Fire, natural disasters 4. cultural- unsafe working conditions, highways, assault and poverty. 5. Lifestyle choices- smoking, overeating, alcohol, tobacco, unsafe sex
Page 5 5. Nontransmissible diseases heart disease, most cancers, asthma, diabetes, malnutrition
Page 6 6. Transmissible diseases Flu(influenza), HIV, tuberculosis, measles and mumps
Page 7 7. A pathogen is a living organism that causes disease Ex. Bacteria, fungi, parasites, protozoa, viruses
Page 8 8. epidemic- people are sick in one area or country Pandemic- global sickness
Page 9 9. Deadly infectious diseases 1. pneumonia and flu- bacteria and viruses 2. HIV/AIDS- virus 3. Diarrheal disease-bacteria and viruses 4. Tuberculosis- bacteria 5. Malaria- protozoa 6. Hep B- Virus 7. Measels- virus
Page % of antibiotics are prescribed unnecessarily 11. Spanish flu- 1918, killed million people in the world, 250, ,000 in the U.S. 12. Hep B is spread through unsafe sex, needles, mother to child, infected blood 13. Malaria is caused by Plasmodium and spread by mosquitoes
Page Lyme disease is caused by a bacteria that is spread by ticks 15. death rate from infectous diseases decreased from Carcinogens- promote cancer 17. mutagens- cause mutations in DNA 18. Teratogens- cause birth defects
Page Effects of neurotoxins include behavioral changes, learning disabilities, retardation, ADD, paralysis, death Examples are PCB’s, mercury, arsenic, lead, pesticides
Page Examples of hormonally active agents are aluminum, atrazine, DDT, Mercury, PCB’s, phthalates, BPA 21. The immune system protects the body from foreign invaders 22. Toxicity- measure of how harmful something is
Page Dose is the amount of the harmful substance that a person has taken 24. Multiple chemical sensitivity is a person who is sensitive to a number of toxins 25. Biological magnification- concentrations of persistent substances increases as it passes through trophic levels
Page Response- damage resulting from exposure to a toxin Acute effect- immediate reaction to a toxin Chronic effect- long term lasting effect 27. persistence- resistance of a chemical to breaking down in the environment 28. only 2% of the 100,000 registered synthetic chemicals have been tested
Page the greatest risk in terms of premature deaths per year and reduced life span is poverty 30. cigarette smoking causes one death every 6 seconds 31. being born male shortens the average life span by 7.5 years 32. voluntary risk- choice like hang gliding- involuntary -no choice
Page 17 Philippus Theophrastus Aureolus Bombastus von Hohenheim - Paracelsus “All things are poisons, for there is nothing without poisonous qualities. It is only the dose which makes a thing poison.”
Page 18 LD50 is the dose required to kill half the members of a tested population after a specified test duration.
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