Global seismic network in operation for ~40 years provides a huge database of information on earthquakes:- Location, Depth Magnitude, Frequency Total Energy.

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Presentation transcript:

Global seismic network in operation for ~40 years provides a huge database of information on earthquakes:- Location, Depth Magnitude, Frequency Total Energy released Type of Faulting and orientation of fault planes State of stress in brittle material

Subduction (Indonesia)

Terminology

A typical seismogram and determination of range

Earthquake Locations Accuracy ~ 10 km, slightly larger error in depth. Geographic distribution : Pattern of plate boundaries

Energy and Polarity of “First Motions”

Earthquake on a vertical plane

Determination of nodal planes

Spreading of the seismic wave

Data on the surface, interpreted as a section

Azimuth (  ) and take-off angle

In General have we seismic data from faults with any orientations – plot a stereogram

Fault types and “Beach Ball” plots

Example Focal mechanism diagrams on the Azores- Gibraltar fracture zone

Seismic Focal Mechanisms: Summary &Applications Detection at a distance via the world network Energy and Polarity of “First Motions” Plot polarity against azimuth and “take-off angle” Determine orientation of Fault-plane [explosions v. earthquakes]

Brief Facts About: By Dr. Qamar-uz-Zaman Chaudhary Director General Pakistan Meteorological Department

Pakistan Meteorological Department

Seismogram

PAST SEISMIC HISTORY OF PAKISTAN

Earthquake in Quetta:1935 Railway Station ,000

Earthquake in Quetta:1935 Lytton Road ,000

Earthquake in Pakistan:1892 Chaman: Balochistan 6.8

Before After Town Hall Lahore Earthquake in Kangra: 1905 Himachal Pradesh ,727

M7.5 KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE ON OCTOBER 8, 2005

PAKISTAN METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT M 7.5 EARTHQUAKE OF 8 TH OCTOBER 2005 IN NORTHERN PAKISTAN EPICENTRE: 34.4°N, 73.5°E DEPTH: 10 KM

ShakeMap OF OCTOBER 8, 2005 EARTHQUAKE

KNOW THE RISK FOR FUTURE MITIGATION

National Tsunami Early Warning Centre (TWC), Karachi Turbat Khuzdar Zhob Chitral National Geophysical Centre Quetta National Seismic Control Room Peshawar Up-gradation of National Seismic Network for Pakistan (Approved June, 2005) Muzaffarabad Mansehra

National Tsunami Early Warning Centre (TWC), Karachi Backup Tsunami Warning Centers Establishment of Tsunami Warning Center in Pakistan Linkage with other Regional /Global TWS Information to Regional / Global Mitigation Centers

Thank You All