The American Woman Suffrage Movement right to vote = suffrage = enfranchisement

3 Starter What problems did African Americans face during the Progressive Era? What ideas existed about how to solve these problems? What problems did women face during the Progressive era? What ideas did people have about how to solve these problems?

4 Racism in the United States Civil War 1861 – 1865 Reconstruction: 1865 – 1877 Many legal advances for African Americans 13 th amendment (abolished slavery) 14 th amendment (granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States regardless of race) 15 th amendment (allows African American men the right to vote) African Americans elected into political office in South

5 But then… 1876: The North pulls its troops out, ending Reconstruction, and white-supremacist Democrats take over

6 Resulting in… Most African Americans become sharecroppers Laws put in place to prevent African Americans from voting KKK had support of local officials and terrorized anyone who voted Republican Lynching became a widespread from of terrorism against African Americans (especially anyone who gained an economic or social foothold) Jim Crow Laws: separate but equal

7 Plessy VS Ferguson (1896) Homer Plessy was arrested for sitting in the “White” car of the East Louisiana Railroad Plessy could easily pass for white, but under LA law, he was considered Black and had to sit in the “Colored” car Plessy sat in the “White” section and identified himself as Black Plessy appealed and the case went all the way to the Supreme Court

8 Plessy VS Ferguson (1896) Plessy’s lawyer argued that separating Whites and blacks violated the 13 th and 14 th amendment The SCOTUS agreed with Louisiana Laws Their ruling gave “separate but equal” legal support

9 African Americans faced MANY hardships Segregation in public spaces (Jim Crow laws) Political disenfranchisement (not having the right to vote) Lynchings

10 Two Leaders Emerge… Booker T WashingtonW.E.B Dubois

11 Progress? African Americans were left to fend for themselves during the Progressive Era Unfortunately, not a lot was accomplished during this time Many decided to leave to the North to escape their problems in the South (known as the Great Migration) However, efforts made during the Progressive era helped prepare American for the Civil Rights movement during the 1960s

The American Woman Suffrage Movement right to vote = suffrage = enfranchisement

13 Seneca Falls, New York 1848 This conference was led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott Conference attendees wrote the Declaration of Sentiments

14 Fifteenth Amendment, 1871 Granted African-American men the right to vote Disappointed many women who thought African-American men and women would be enfranchised together African Americans were split over whether men should get vote before women

15 Frederick Douglass, 1869 “When women, because they are women... are dragged from their houses and hung upon lamp posts; when their children are torn from their arms, and their brains dashed upon the pavement... Then they will have an urgency to obtain the ballot equal to our own.” But was this not true for black women? “Yes, yes, yes. It is true for the black woman but not because she is a woman but because she is black!”

16 Sojourner Truth, 1869 “There is a great stir about colored men getting their rights, but not a word about the colored women … And if colored men get their rights, and not colored women theirs, you see the colored men will be masters over the women, and it will be just as bad as it was before.” Sojourner Truth, 1864

17 Before 1910 National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) Big leaders: Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton Two big strategies: Try to win suffrage state by state Try to pass a Constitutional Amendment (which would need to be ratified by 36 states – or three-fourths)

18 Anti-suffragists Those who opposed extending the right to vote to women were called anti-suffragists. Many anti’s were women. Political cartoon mocking anti’s: “O Save Us, Senators, from Ourselves!”

19 Beliefs of Anti-Suffragists Women were high-strung, irrational, and emotional Women were not smart or educated enough Women should stay at home Women were too physically frail; they would get tired just walking to the polling station Women would become masculine if they voted

20 Map of Women’s Suffrage Before 1920

21 Voting and Society The MAIN goal = Preserve Morality and Christian values through societal reform Progressive, middle-class women believed they needed the right to vote not for themselves, but for the good of society These women were at the forefront of all the other reform movements during this time

22 Voting and Society Their MAIN goal = Preserve morals and Christian values through societal reform How were they going to make any change in society and community without having any kind of political voice? How could they save morality and Christian values in society without a political voice?

23 Voting and Society Their MAIN goal = Preserve morals and Christian values through societal reform Progressive, middle-class women concluded that they could NOT achieve their main goal without the right to vote

24 NAWSA Led by Carrie Chapman Catt Careful state-by-state strategy Acting ladylike so as not to embarrass the movement

25 National Woman’s Party Alice Paul led the NWP and believed in more aggressive strategies: Focused on passing a Constitutional Amendment Adopted un-ladylike strategies from British suffragettes (e.g. heckling politicians, picketing)

26 19 th Amendment, 1920 Gave women the right to vote!! Tennessee was the 36 th state to ratify, and it passed by only 1 vote. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

27 Exit Slip What problems did African Americans face during the Progressive Era? How did they try to solve these problems? Where they successful? What problems did women face during the Progressive Era? How did they try to solve their problems? Where they suffessful?