Child Development Theories By: Kelsey Johnson and Alicia Jones

Psychodynamic also known as insight-oriented therapy The individual develops a basic personality core in childhood and that responses stem from personality organization and emotional problems as a result of environmental experiences

Erik Erikson Theory of Human development Maturation emphasis Crisis at each level Teacher: Emotional base, social mediator Stagedescriptionchallengestrength 1The newbornTrust vs. mistrusthope 2toddlersAutonomy vs. shame and doubt Willpower 3childhoodInitiative vs. guiltPurpose 4SchoolCompetence (industry) vs. inferiority Competence 5AdolescenceSearch for identity vs. role confusion fidelity 6Young adulthoodIntimacy vs. Isolationlove 7GrownupsGenerativity vs. stagnationcare 8Old ageIntegrity vs. despairwisdom

Sigmund Freud Psychoanalytic theory of childhood sexuality stageageDescription/major area OralBirth-2Mouth (sucking biting) source of pleasure (eating and teething) Anal2-3Bowel movements source of pleasure (toilet learning) Phallic3-6Genitals (source of pleasure) sex role identification and conscious development Latency6-12Sexual forces dormant and energy put into schoolwork and sports genital12-18Genitals source of pleasure stimulation and satisfaction from relationships

Behaviorist All important aspects of behavior and people are learned and can be modified or changed by varying external conditions

John Watson Environmental emphasis

Edward Thorndike Stimuli's - response

B.F. Skinner

Albert Bandura

Cognitive Focused on thought process and how they change with age and experience

Jean Piaget

Sociocultural Theory of development that refers to social and cultural issues

Lev Vygotsky

Ecological

Multiple Intelligences Several different kinds of intelligences rather than the notion of intelligence as measured by standardized testing

Howard Gardner

Humanist A psychological theory that involves principals of motivation and wellness centering on peoples needs goals and successes

Abraham Maslow Theory of self actualization: set of ideas about what people need to stay healthy Basic needs = deficiency needs because they are critical for a persons survival

Maturation A set of ideas on the notion that the sequence of behavior and the emergence of personal characteristics develop more through predetermined growth processes than through learning and interaction with the environment Maturation: the proses of growth whereby a body matures regardless of intervention such as exercise, experience or environment

Arnold Gesell Saw maturation as an innate and powerful force of development “the total plan of growth is beyond your control” Established The Clinic of Child Development at Yale University where the data he collected became the basis of the recognized norms of how children grow and develop Maturation sequence is the same for all children regardless of culture, country of origin, or learning environment Growth is uneven- children grow in spurts- motor development may be slow in some stages and fast in others

Biboliography 1."Psychodynamic Therapy | Psych Central." Psych Central.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Apr