Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Westheimer/Lopater, Human Sexuality: A Psychosocial Perspective, Second Edition Terminology  Anatomy –Systematic study of structures on organism’s body, the names & relationships of parts  Physiology –Study of functions, interrelationships of major organ systems of animals & plants  Endocrinology –Study of glands that make & secrete hormones into the circulatory system

Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Westheimer/Lopater, Human Sexuality: A Psychosocial Perspective, Second Edition Diversity is Normal

Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Westheimer/Lopater, Human Sexuality: A Psychosocial Perspective, Second Edition healthy unhealthy If you don’t know what you look like healthy, then you’re not going to know what you look like unhealthy!

Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Westheimer/Lopater, Human Sexuality: A Psychosocial Perspective, Second Edition  Self-awareness is the first step to self- knowledge and self- understanding  Take personal responsibility for sexual & reproductive health  Observation is baseline for comparisons later Reasons for Self-Examination

Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Westheimer/Lopater, Human Sexuality: A Psychosocial Perspective, Second Edition The Vulva The external female sex organs, which include: Mons veneris Labia majora & minora Clitoris Vestibule Urethral opening Introitus Hymen Perineum

Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Westheimer/Lopater, Human Sexuality: A Psychosocial Perspective, Second Edition Diversity is Normality

Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Westheimer/Lopater, Human Sexuality: A Psychosocial Perspective, Second Edition Mons Veneris  Latin for “mountain of Venus”  Pubic bone term is pubic symphysis  Dense cushion of fat 3-4 inches below navel  Rich with nerve endings  Pressure heightens clitoral pleasure  Covered by pubic hair, which varies by woman

Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Westheimer/Lopater, Human Sexuality: A Psychosocial Perspective, Second Edition Labia Majora  Latin for “large lips”  One to two sets of skin folds  Many nerve endings  Extremely sensitive to touch

Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Westheimer/Lopater, Human Sexuality: A Psychosocial Perspective, Second Edition Labia Minora  Latin for “small lips”  delicate skin folds that bound vestibule  Joined at clitoral prepuce (hood)  Extends past urethra to the vagina  Extremely sensitive to touch

Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Westheimer/Lopater, Human Sexuality: A Psychosocial Perspective, Second Edition Clitoris  Anatomy identical to penis without urinary function  Cylinder with small shaft and tip (glans)  Glans has as many nerve endings as tip of penis  Inside body (crura) are two cavernosa bodies that engorge with blood like the penis From Dalley, Surface Anatomy Photography Collection, LWW

Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Westheimer/Lopater, Human Sexuality: A Psychosocial Perspective, Second Edition Clitoris Ultrasensitive; most women stimulate in masturbation Purpose is sexual pleasure! Size is not correlated to sensitivity African & Middle Eastern cultures practice Female Genital Mutilation From Moore and Dalley, Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 4 th Ed., LWW, 1999.

Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Westheimer/Lopater, Human Sexuality: A Psychosocial Perspective, Second Edition Vestibule  Vestibule  Smooth tissue inside of labia minora  Surrounds opening to vagina and urethral opening  Very sensitive  Slippery during vaginal lubrication

Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Westheimer/Lopater, Human Sexuality: A Psychosocial Perspective, Second Edition External Urethral Meatus  Carries urine from bladder to outside of body  Located below clitoris and above vaginal opening  Introitus is another word for vaginal opening

Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Westheimer/Lopater, Human Sexuality: A Psychosocial Perspective, Second Edition The Hymen  Thin membrane surrounding the introitus (opening of vagina)  Common belief that it signifies virginity  Some cultures display bloody sheets of newlyweds to affirm virginity  Location results in some tearing and bleeding during first intercourse  Most common shape is annular

Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Westheimer/Lopater, Human Sexuality: A Psychosocial Perspective, Second Edition The Hymen A, Annular; B, cribriform; C, septate.

Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Westheimer/Lopater, Human Sexuality: A Psychosocial Perspective, Second Edition Perineum  Small area of smooth skin between vaginal opening & anus  Very sensitive to touch and temperature  Tears in childbirth  Try to prevent tears by cutting (episiotomy) From Dalley, Surface Anatomy Photography Collection, LWW

Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Westheimer/Lopater, Human Sexuality: A Psychosocial Perspective, Second Edition Side View: Female Anatomy From Weber, Kelley. Health Assessment in Nursing. LWW, 2003.

Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Westheimer/Lopater, Human Sexuality: A Psychosocial Perspective, Second Edition Internal Female Anatomy  Muscles underlying vulva  Pelvic floor muscles to support internal organs in pregnancy  Good tone provides urinary control and feeling of “tightness” men experience  1952: Dr. Kegel discovered exercising the muscles helped  Short, rhythmic contractions and relaxations (like stopping urine flow)

Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Westheimer/Lopater, Human Sexuality: A Psychosocial Perspective, Second Edition Pelvic Muscles Pubococcygeus muscle From Moore KL, Agur A. Essential Clinical Anatomy. 2nd ed., LWW, 2002

Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Westheimer/Lopater, Human Sexuality: A Psychosocial Perspective, Second Edition Vagina  Muscular canal important in reproduction and sexual pleasure  Collapsed sleeve with three layers that stretch  Cervix projects back from roof of vagina  Four functions: –Primary female organ for intercourse –Passageway to uterus for sperm –Route for menstrual flow to leave body –Birth canal

Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Westheimer/Lopater, Human Sexuality: A Psychosocial Perspective, Second Edition Vagina  When not aroused, walls contact  Inner 2/3 of canal has little sensitivity  Vaginal secretions facilitate penile penetration or signal peak fertility  The more stimulation before penetration, the more lubrication occurs

Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Westheimer/Lopater, Human Sexuality: A Psychosocial Perspective, Second Edition G-Spot