Announcements Exam 1 Tuesday July minutes 10 % of Total Grade Covers Everything through Lecture 05. –Includes Quiz 1 Topics (terminology, variables, constants, basics) –if-then-else –Compound statements –Relational operators –Logical operators –Switch/Case Statements –Precedence of Operators –DOES NOT INCLUDE LOOPS (Lect 06/07) 1

Iteration Iteration (Looping): Performing a Series of Statements Multiple Times until Some Condition Is Met. Eliminates the Need for Redundant Coding or Function Calls Many Ways to Loop in C++ 2

The while Loop Syntax: while ( condition ) statement ; while ( condition ) { statement ; } 3

while Example const int MAX = 100; int counter = 0; while (counter < MAX) { cout << counter << “ “ << endl; counter++; } 4

Example while Loop int numEmployees,curNum = 0; cout << “Enter Number of Employees: “; cin >> numEmployees; if (numEmployees > 0) { while (curNum < numEmployees) { cout << “Welcome to CorpLand!” << endl; curNum++; } 5

The for Loop Syntax: for ( expression1 ; condition ; expression2 ) statement ; for ( expression1 ; condition ; expression2 ) { statement ; } Same as: expression1 ; while ( condition ) { statement ; expression2 ; } 6

Example for Loop int numEmployees,curNum; cout << “Enter Number of Employees: “; cin >> numEmployees; if (numEmployees > 0) { for (curNum = 0; curNum < numEmployees;curNum++) { cout << “Welcome to CorpLand!” << endl; } 7

Looping for Input char letterEntered = ‘A’; while (letterEntered != ‘Z’) { cout << “Enter a letter: “; cin >> letterEntered; } 8

Looping until Flag bool noMoreData(); bool done = false; … while (!done) { … // do a bunch of stuff … if (noMoreData() == true) done = true; } cout << “We’re all through – thank you!”; 9

Nested Loops int i, j ; for (i=0; i < 10; i++) { for (j=0; j < 10; j++) { cout << i << j << “ “; } cout << endl; } 10

The do-while Loop Syntax do statement ; while (condition); do { statement ; } while (condition); 11

do-while Example int inputNum = 0; do { cout << “Please Input Number, –1 to quit: “; cin >> inputNum; } while (inputNum != -1); 12

What Is This? while (stringEntered != “apple”) { cout << “Enter a red fruit: “; cin >> stringEntered; } while (stringEntered != “banana”) { cout << “Enter a yellow fruit: “; cin >> stringEntered; } while (stringEntered != “pomegranate”) { cout << “Enter a random fruit: “; cin >> stringEntered; } 13

What Is This? for (i = 0; i < 10 ; i++) cout << “Interesting, isn’t it?” << endl; while (answer != ‘D’) { cout << “Enter an answer: “; cin >> answer; } while (answer != ‘D’) { cout << “Enter an answer: “; cin >> answer; } 14

What Is This? void kingsChair(int loopCounter) { int num; for(num = 0; num < loopCounter; num++) cout << “AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA” << endl; } 15