Desertification is the process in which grasslands lose fertility and land suitable for farming is lost. What is Desertification? Causes Droughts Floods Human demands on the land Overgrazing of animals Cutting down trees for farming Effects Food shortages Land is less productive Economic decline Migration from ruined farms Reduced number of species in plants & animals.

An OASIS is an isolated area of vegetation found in a desert. An underground water source is present which allows the vegetation to survive the harsh conditions of the desert environment. An Oasis? See… It does not look like it belongs, does it?

This Africa climate region has houses that are made of mud and roofs that are made of thatched grass. Savanna MILLET is a type of grain

This Africa climate region requires people to wear protective clothing from the heat and cold. It is also wise to utilize a guide when navigating the harsh conditions of the desert. Desert

Few Wells, Rivers, Streams, Lakes, and Water Holes Provide Water in this Africa Climate Zone. Fields are Irrigated and Water is Stored. Semiarid

Obtaining food in the Rainforest… * Meat is obtained by hunting monkeys, squirrels, and birds. * Small farms produce yams and cassava. * Bananas, plantains, and kola nuts are collected from the forest. * Trade provides vegetables and dried fruit. Tropical Rainforest

South of the Sahara desert. Where is SUB-SAHARAN Africa? Interesting Fact: Thirty three percent of children who start 1st grade in the country of Chad reach 5 th grade. In Mauritius 97% reach fifth grade. 33 %

This European country had the most control over the colonies during European Colonization FRANCEFRANCE

The Largest Desert in Africa… The Sahara Desert The Sahara Desert is the world’s largest hot desert and one of the harshest environments on the planet. It is third largest desert overall after Antarctica and the Arctic, which are cold deserts.

People from Europe came to Africa in search of raw materials such as diamonds, gold, and spices. They set up colonies to govern the native people by forcing their culture, language, and religion on them. The Europeans viewed the continent of Africa as a source of wealth for THEMSELVES and in no way did their wealth benefit the natives.

This system of laws that required blacks and whites to live separately and unequally, it excluded (left out) blacks from voting, and it was located in South Africa. Many racist ideas of ruling minority were adopted into laws. Apartheid The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is the nation's benchmark civil rights legislation, and it continues to resonate in America. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. Passage of the Act ended the application of "Jim Crow" laws, which had been upheld by the Supreme Court in the 1896 case Plessy v. Ferguson, in which the Court held that racial segregation purported to be "separate but equal" was constitutional. The Civil Rights Act was eventually expanded by Congress to strengthen enforcement of these fundamental civil rights. Making Connections…

Apartheid=Passbook a passbook was a form of identity papers that black South African’s were required to carry around.

Nelson Mandela Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela is a South African anti-apartheid activist, revolutionary and politician who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999, the first to be elected in a fully representative, multiracial election.

Afrikaners Interesting Fact… Actress Charlize Theron has won both the Academy Award and the Golden Globe for best actress. She is originally from the Transvaal province of South Africa, and her great-great-uncle Danie Theron was a major figure in the Boer War.

What president of South Africa earned the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize with Nelson Mandela? He shared it with President F.W de Klerk FACT- During the system of Apartheid people of non-European background were not allowed to vote.

A boycott is a form of protest in which people refuse to buy goods from a group until their demands are met.

Subsistence Farming- farming that provides the basic needs for just one families survival.

Host Countries- countries that offer asylum to refugees.

Boers- South Africans that are FARMERS of Dutch ancestry.

Study Your Political and Physical Map of Australia. Do you know how to find Latitude and Longitude Locations??? Study the handouts in your ISN to make sure!

Study Resources ISN Notes and handouts Latitude and Longitude Africa and Australia Maps Online Power Point Past Quizzes Refugees on the Move. Textbook pgs South Africa’s History and People. Textbook pages Review Sheet- COMPLETE and study!