Linked Open Architectures for Open Government Transparent knowledge for and about the Federal Enterprise Cory Casanave, CEO Model Driven Solutions Cory-c (at) ModelDriven (dot) com Federal Data Architecture Subcommittee - Oct 9 th 2009

Copyright © 2009, Model Driven Solutions, Inc. / ModelDriven.org Open Architectures for Open Government Transparency Transparency Transparency means visibility of information, this information includes the processes, resources, services, data descriptions and policies of government. This information is captured in various kinds of architecture, the most useful being architectures as models Transparency means visibility of information, this information includes the processes, resources, services, data descriptions and policies of government. This information is captured in various kinds of architecture, the most useful being architectures as models Collaboration Collaboration Collaboration requires an understanding between independent parties, we have to understand what each has to offer in a common vocabulary and the rules of engagement – again, captured in architectures Collaboration requires an understanding between independent parties, we have to understand what each has to offer in a common vocabulary and the rules of engagement – again, captured in architectures Participation Participation Participation is transparency with collaboration. Moving beyond human to human networking will require architectural data about how to participate Participation is transparency with collaboration. Moving beyond human to human networking will require architectural data about how to participate You can only leverage what you understand!

Copyright © 2009, Model Driven Solutions, Inc. / ModelDriven.org Fragmented Architecture Domains

Copyright © 2009, Model Driven Solutions, Inc. / ModelDriven.org Unified Architectures

Copyright © 2009, Model Driven Solutions, Inc. / ModelDriven.org Integrated as Part of the Global Linked Open Data Cloud Linked and Connected Knowledge has more value to your organization, to your supply chain and stakeholders

Copyright © 2009, Model Driven Solutions, Inc. / ModelDriven.org Why Linked Open Data (LoD)? Semantic Web and LoD Capabilities Semantic Web and LoD Capabilities A standards based “internet data model” using “RDF” & XML A standards based “internet data model” using “RDF” & XML Machine usable data, not just web pages Machine usable data, not just web pages Anyone can say anything about anything, anywhere Anyone can say anything about anything, anywhere Data usages that the data providers never anticipated Data usages that the data providers never anticipated Connect the dots between data sets Connect the dots between data sets Existing standards (W3C, Etc), tools and communities Existing standards (W3C, Etc), tools and communities Flexible enough to adapt to almost any form of data Flexible enough to adapt to almost any form of data Information remains managed at its source Information remains managed at its source Queries and other analysis can combine arbitrary sets of data, anywhere and owned by anyone (with appropriate rights) Queries and other analysis can combine arbitrary sets of data, anywhere and owned by anyone (with appropriate rights) Common and diverse vocabularies can be used together and related Common and diverse vocabularies can be used together and related It isn’t perfect but; It isn’t perfect but; What else do we have today with this capability set? What else do we have today with this capability set?

Copyright © 2009, Model Driven Solutions, Inc. / ModelDriven.org Sample Government LoD Cloud

Copyright © 2009, Model Driven Solutions, Inc. / ModelDriven.org Architectures as Data Architectures are critical government data assets Architectures are critical government data assets Business models, process models, service models, information models, rules, metadata, ontologies, technology models, schema Business models, process models, service models, information models, rules, metadata, ontologies, technology models, schema There is an enormous asset in this existing architectural data There is an enormous asset in this existing architectural data Architectures describe government, how it works, its resources and services Architectures describe government, how it works, its resources and services Architectures make other data more valuable – describing data or how it was produced Architectures make other data more valuable – describing data or how it was produced The most valuable architectures are models with a formal meta model or schema The most valuable architectures are models with a formal meta model or schema Currently – most models are not web data accessible, they are trapped in tools and files. Models are not linkable. Currently – most models are not web data accessible, they are trapped in tools and files. Models are not linkable. Viewed another way, architecture models are just data – data to be federated, analyzed, queried, linked and mashed up – data to be published as LoD Viewed another way, architecture models are just data – data to be federated, analyzed, queried, linked and mashed up – data to be published as LoD

Copyright © 2009, Model Driven Solutions, Inc. / ModelDriven.org Current State: Architectures Models Are Trapped in Stovepipes Information is unconnected, redundant and not usable outside its source But, model files are not web assets and hard to connect Architecture Models hold our enterprise Architectures, business processes and services, technology models, SOA architectures, data schema and more

Copyright © 2009, Model Driven Solutions, Inc. / ModelDriven.org Architectures Published into the Data Cloud Visible architectures have more value!

Copyright © 2009, Model Driven Solutions, Inc. / ModelDriven.org Goal: Linked Open Architectures Federated Architectures Promotes Collaboration and Shared Resources ServicesProcesses DataPolicies

Copyright © 2009, Model Driven Solutions, Inc. / ModelDriven.org Semantically Federating Multiple Viewpoints and Standards

Copyright © 2009, Model Driven Solutions, Inc. / ModelDriven.org Stakeholder Viewpoints Different stakeholders need different views of the same information

Copyright © 2009, Model Driven Solutions, Inc. / ModelDriven.org Driven by Business

Copyright © 2009, Model Driven Solutions, Inc. / ModelDriven.org Linked Open Architectures Drive I.T. Solutions Delivering the Right Data to the Right People

Copyright © 2009, Model Driven Solutions, Inc. / ModelDriven.org High Level Plan Publish architecture models as LoD, in their original vocabularies Publish architecture models as LoD, in their original vocabularies Roadmap to enhance value Roadmap to enhance value Adopt & develop well defined “semantic hub” models, vocabularies of “shared concepts”, and map the raw architecture data to these hubs as “pivot points” Adopt & develop well defined “semantic hub” models, vocabularies of “shared concepts”, and map the raw architecture data to these hubs as “pivot points” Define viewpoints tuned to stakeholder needs Define viewpoints tuned to stakeholder needs Develop various tools and techniques for querying, viewing, federating and analyzing the data for various stakeholders to enable visibility and collaboration Develop various tools and techniques for querying, viewing, federating and analyzing the data for various stakeholders to enable visibility and collaboration Provide for external comment and input for participation Provide for external comment and input for participation

Copyright © 2009, Model Driven Solutions, Inc. / ModelDriven.org Open Government Standards Government Domain Task Force Open Government Workgroup Gov.omg.org

Copyright © 2009, Model Driven Solutions, Inc. / ModelDriven.org Architecture Model Standards Object Management Group (OMG) has adopted many of the architecture modeling standards Object Management Group (OMG) has adopted many of the architecture modeling standards XML Model Interchange (XMI) – Data Interchange for models (E.G. Eclipse EMF) XML Model Interchange (XMI) – Data Interchange for models (E.G. Eclipse EMF) Unified Modeling Language (UML) Unified Modeling Language (UML) Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) Service Oriented Modeling Language (SoaML) Service Oriented Modeling Language (SoaML) Etc… Etc… There is an enormous asset in these modeling concepts There is an enormous asset in these modeling concepts All OMG and many other model tools interchange via XMI All OMG and many other model tools interchange via XMI Goal 1 – Publish any/all XMI based models as web Linked Open Data Goal 1 – Publish any/all XMI based models as web Linked Open Data All UML, BPMN, SoaML models become linked open data assets All UML, BPMN, SoaML models become linked open data assets

Example UML Models as LoD

Copyright © 2009, Model Driven Solutions, Inc. / ModelDriven.org UML Model as Diagrams

Copyright © 2009, Model Driven Solutions, Inc. / ModelDriven.org UML Model as Data (In XMI) XMI for Person (In terms of UML)

Copyright © 2009, Model Driven Solutions, Inc. / ModelDriven.org UML Model as Data (In RDF) XMI for Person expressed in UML terms Person SSN public 1 <umlrdf:Element.owner xmlns:ecorerdf=" rdf:resource="#_16_0_20ea04e0_ _712895_1295"/> <umlrdf:Element.owner xmlns:ecorerdf=" rdf:resource="#_16_0_20ea04e0_ _712895_1295"/> <umlrdf:Element.owner xmlns:ecorerdf=" rdf:resource="#_16_0_20ea04e0_ _755909_1129"/> birth date public <umlrdf:Element.owner xmlns:ecorerdf=" rdf:resource="#_16_0_20ea04e0_ _755909_1129"/> <umlrdf:Element.owner xmlns:ecorerdf=" rdf:resource="#_16_0_20ea04e0_ _181145_396"/> RDF-XML for Person expressed in UML terms

Copyright © 2009, Model Driven Solutions, Inc. / ModelDriven.org RDF Repository (E.G. Anzo) Publishing Architecture Models into the Data Cloud XMI Based Models Enterprise Knowledge Base (EKB) Check In (Subversion) SPARQL Endpoint RDF-LOD Resource Open Government Data Cloud Stakeholder Viewpoint (E.G. DRM) (UML, BPMN, Etc)

Copyright © 2009, Model Driven Solutions, Inc. / ModelDriven.org Demo Using the “Enterprise Knowledge Base” Using the “Enterprise Knowledge Base” Based on open source development by the GSA under the “OsERA” program Based on open source development by the GSA under the “OsERA” program Note that this is a proof of concept, not a pretty demo Note that this is a proof of concept, not a pretty demo Start with UML Model Start with UML Model RDF-XML Representation after publication RDF-XML Representation after publication Browse in RDF Repository Browse in RDF Repository View as Data Reference Model (DRM) View as Data Reference Model (DRM)

More Details

Copyright © 2009, Model Driven Solutions, Inc. / ModelDriven.org Enterprise Knowledge Base (EKB) Based on work for the GSA Based on work for the GSA Open Source eGov Reference Architecture (OSERA) Open Source eGov Reference Architecture (OSERA) George Thomas & Rick Murphy George Thomas & Rick Murphy Continuing work under ModelDriven.org Continuing work under ModelDriven.org Being completed for open source release (In limited alpha release) Being completed for open source release (In limited alpha release) A public model server is be deployed A public model server is be deployed Check in any model, published as LOD-RDF Check in any model, published as LOD-RDF Underlying Technologies Underlying Technologies Anzo RDF Repository Anzo RDF Repository Eclipse & Eclipse EMF Eclipse & Eclipse EMF OMG XMI & UML OMG XMI & UML XSLT XSLT

Data Integration Examples How linking architectures with each other and with external data solves problems

Copyright © 2009, Model Driven Solutions, Inc. / ModelDriven.org Different models may represent the same enterprise – even the same information But there are usually structural differences How do we link these concepts?

Copyright © 2009, Model Driven Solutions, Inc. / ModelDriven.org Two ways to say the same thing UML uses an arrow to say that a branch is a rental organization unit E/R Uses “Nesting” to say that a branch is a rental organization unit How do we know these both say the same thing?

Copyright © 2009, Model Driven Solutions, Inc. / ModelDriven.org We want to ask this question What city branches are in cities with a population of less than 1 million? What city branches are in cities with a population of less than 1 million? Population information is in the U.S. census data – accessible as linked open data Population information is in the U.S. census data – accessible as linked open data DBMS How do we link these data sets? How do we know the concept “city” and “zip code” is the same?

Copyright © 2009, Model Driven Solutions, Inc. / ModelDriven.org Which impacts the business process Rules, Processes and Services Support Business Functions Then we may want to add a business rule The process may require SOA services and components All aspects of the same enterprise!

Copyright © 2009, Model Driven Solutions, Inc. / ModelDriven.org Linked Open Architectures Helps By allowing us to understand that two model (or DBMS) elements may represent the same thing By allowing us to understand that two model (or DBMS) elements may represent the same thing E.G. “Branch” is the same in both models E.G. “Branch” is the same in both models Because we have a way to record that these represent the same real- world concept Because we have a way to record that these represent the same real- world concept To understand the where the semantics of the language overlap, or don’t To understand the where the semantics of the language overlap, or don’t E.G. Two ways to say that a branch is a rental organization E.G. Two ways to say that a branch is a rental organization Because we can understand the shared concept of a subtype in both architectural languages Because we can understand the shared concept of a subtype in both architectural languages To connect diverse data sets To connect diverse data sets Our DBMS, Model and The U.S. Census Our DBMS, Model and The U.S. Census Because both can leverage Linked Open Data and we can query across both data sets Because both can leverage Linked Open Data and we can query across both data sets By Integrating Models, Data, Rules, Process, Services and Components By Integrating Models, Data, Rules, Process, Services and Components As data linked in the ecosystem As data linked in the ecosystem

Roadmap Semantic Integration and Transformation

Copyright © 2009, Model Driven Solutions, Inc. / ModelDriven.org Publishing Models In LoD/RDF What is does What is does There is a very direct structural mapping between the OMG Standard for model interchange (XMI) and RDF representation of a model There is a very direct structural mapping between the OMG Standard for model interchange (XMI) and RDF representation of a model This mapping is isomorphic (no information loss in either direction) This mapping is isomorphic (no information loss in either direction) Any XMI model (UML, BPMN, Etc) can be automatically and isomorphic mapped to RDF as Linked Open Data Any XMI model (UML, BPMN, Etc) can be automatically and isomorphic mapped to RDF as Linked Open Data Models become part of the open linked data cloud Models become part of the open linked data cloud Everything is mapped, not a subset Everything is mapped, not a subset What it doesn’t do What it doesn’t do The vocabulary and meta model of the source is retained, this publishes the model data as LOD, it does not do a semantic mapping The vocabulary and meta model of the source is retained, this publishes the model data as LOD, it does not do a semantic mapping Semantic mapping is a separate step – but a step we know how to do Semantic mapping is a separate step – but a step we know how to do There is an effort to standardize this mapping There is an effort to standardize this mapping

Copyright © 2009, Model Driven Solutions, Inc. / ModelDriven.org Enterprise Knowledge Integration Data Cloud Process Models Information Models Services Models Rules Models Governance Models Federated Enterprise Viewpoints Systems Architects And Developers Business Analysts And Stakeholders Software Artifacts And Execution {BPM, SOA, Rules, DBMS…}

Copyright © 2009, Model Driven Solutions, Inc. / ModelDriven.org Federating Models & Data with Hub Ontologies & Mapping (Bridge Ontologies) The World (Business & Technical Systems) BPMN RDF Models BPMN “RDF Schema” MOF “Meta RDF Schema” Uses Vocabulary Models UML RDF Models UML “RDF Schema” MOF “Meta RDF Schema” Uses Vocabulary Models Federated Models Federated Data Shared Concept Hub Ontology Shared Concept Meta Ontology Uses Vocabulary Models Uses Vocabulary

Copyright © 2009, Model Driven Solutions, Inc. / ModelDriven.org Integration Via Semantic Hubs Concepts We Specify Semantic Hub Reference Ontologies Shared Concepts Monetary Trade Part Of Is Mapped Dis-Integrated Information Buy Purchase Ways To Specify Things Shared Core Joint Behavior Part Of Describes UML XML Describes Library of common concepts Can grow over time Mapping is not “one-one”

Copyright © 2009, Model Driven Solutions, Inc. / ModelDriven.org Enterprise Knowledge Base Configuration Mgmt Eclipse Tortoise Web-UI User Views Forms Browse Query File Get/Put Eclipse IDE Subversion Interface Artifact Repository Web UI Server Transformation Example (BPMN/UML) Artifact / KB Integration XML “Rest” Interface Knowledge Base RDF KB Inference & Rules Transformation Eclipse EMF Interface*Semantic Web Interface BPMN Process Model BPMN Model UML Model UML Shared Concepts Subversion

Copyright © 2009, Model Driven Solutions, Inc. / ModelDriven.org Resources Open Linked Data Open Linked Data Semantic W3C Semantic W3C OMG Open Government Working Group OMG Open Government Working Group Wiki for data.gov data in RDF (Jim Hendler) Wiki for data.gov data in RDF (Jim Hendler) GAIN Initiative (Open Government, Open Linked Data and Architecture) GAIN Initiative (Open Government, Open Linked Data and Architecture) Linked Open Architectures Demo Linked Open Architectures Demo Cory Casanave (Presenter) Cory Casanave (Presenter) Cory-c (at) modeldriven (dot com) Cory-c (at) modeldriven (dot com) This Presentation This Presentation