Child psychiatry

School refusal Presentation: Peak 5 years Refusal Physical symptoms Anxiety symptoms

School refusal Causes Separation anxiety, Neurotic, family School phobia

School refusal Similar condition Truancy Management Early return School family counseling

Conduct disorder Presentation Aggression, lying, stealing, arson, truancy Emotional symptoms Hyperactivity

Conduct disorder Prevalence Most common, more males Causes Genetic factors Social factors Reading difficulty

Conduct disorder Prognosis Poor, antisocial personality Delinquency, criminality Management Emotional aspect Behavioral measures

Functional enuresis Involuntary voiding of urine day or night twice per month at 5-6 years old Prevalence 10 % 5 years 5% 10 years 2% 15 years

Functional enuresis Types Day night Primary secondary Causes Developmental, familial Emotional, social

Functional enuresis Management Reassurance, training Behavioral, star charts pads and bell Drugs, imipramine, amitryptylline, Desmopressine

Hyperkinetic disorder ADHD Presentation Pervasive poorly organized extreme overactivity with poor attention span Impulsivity School difficulties Comorbid conduct problems

Hyperkinetic disorder ADHD Etiology neurodevelopmental Social and emotional factors Management Counseling Remedial teaching Behavioral Stimulants

Autism Communication difficulty Verbal and nonverbal Social difficulty Since infancy Stereotyped behavior, rigidity resistance to change

Autism also Impaired capacity for empathy Excellent visiospacial skills, mathematical ability And mechanics Behavioral problems

Autism Etiology Neurodevelopmental Management Team