What is Geography The vary first chapter…

History and Development The first geographers studied for only practical use Learned so they can make trade routes to distent lands. Without this knowlage, travellers would be lost Chinese, Greek, and North Africans were the elite geographers

Cont. Created the science of mapmaking, cartography Eratosthenes- head librarian at Alexandria, early cartographer Created an accurate computation of the earths circumference Credited with creating the term “geography”, or “earth-writing”

Ptolemy Guide to Geography Had rough maps of the landmasses Created a global grid system

1400 AD Exploration helpped create better maps Bartholomeu Dias, Christopher Columbus, Ferdinand Magellan Alexander Von Humboldt and Lewis n Clark Did not actually discover these lands, as there was naitives there before them

Cont. All of this information about peoples naitive areas and landforms helped with other scienced Creation of many other academic studies, antropology, geology, and ecology Charles Darwin- Theory of Evolution Wegner- Theory of Continental Drift Rely on this time pieriods geographical data

1864- Geoge Perkins Marsh Man and Nature, or Physical Geography as Modified by Human Action Was a transcendentalist- believed thought came from beyond the process of mind and thought This idea was popularized by Emerson Made people aware of mans destruction of nature, as the desertification of the Fertile Crecent

1925 Carl Sauer- University of Berkley- argued cultural landscapes to be part of geological study Since human interactions with environment has changed it, you must study the human interactions Believed natural landscapes *unaltered by human activities* still indirectly expirienced some sort of alteration over history due to humans Created Environmental Geography, or Cultural Ecology, main focus of the field today

40 years later… University of Washington- new movement, quantitive revolution Stressed empirical measurments, and hypothesis testing, development of mathmatical models, and use of computer programs to explain geographic patterns Limited the amount of questions, brought in modern influence, and made geography more mainstream

Todays Revolution Now it is going through a new revolution through the use of Global Positioning System *GPS* and Geographical Informatino Systems *GIS* GPS= remote sensing GIS= collection and analyzing spartial data

Remote Sensing The Process of Capturing images of the earth’s surface from air-borne playforms, such as satellites or airplanes Can be digital or analog photographs Can be used to collect different information about the earth at the same time Examples, learn about vegatation and deforestation

GPS GPS- Global Positioning System Does exactly as the name states You stand somewhre, and satelites read your position and tell you your longtitude and latitude positions

GIS GIS- Geographical Information System Family of software that geographers use to map, analyze, and model spatial data Use thematic layers, each layer consists of different data Example: one layer could have forest cover Put together to create one map to understand phenomena

Geography today It is split into 3 catagories: Human Geography Physical Geography Environmental Geography

Human geography Split into: Population Geography Cultural Geography Economic Geography Urban Geography Agricultural Geography Political Geography Use mixture of different types of human geography to fully understand Example, amish

Physical Geography Study of natural geography: Meterologist Climatologists Ecologists Oceanographers Geologists Soil Study Earth system science- study of physical geography as a whole on a global scale Sytematic Geography- studys the integrated systems as a whole, not focusing on any particular place Helped us understand things like El Nino

Environmental Geography Where Human and Physical meet Study of anthropogenic, human induced, environmental change Consurvation planning Sustainability, the ability to keep doing what we do

W.D Patterson Created his own way to classify geography Earth-Science tradition Culture-environment tradition Locational tradition Area-analysis tradition

What is thinking Geographically? Appreciation of Scale Spatial perspective- look at relationships between different places MiCkY DZ Example Based on postulate: All places are different but have important siliarities. AKA, all places are related, but some are related more than others

Scale and Region Scale is the ratio between the distence on a map and the actual distence on earth Region- A place with lots of similarites No two places are the same, but vary similar areas are catagorized as regions Region Geography- the study of regions Functional Regions = regions boumd together by social and economic relationships Formal regions= difference by relgion, ethnicity, or physical features Perceptual regions exist in the minds of people Deep south example, made off of steriotypes Peoples attachment to region = sense of place Also known as the association with home

Qualitative Data and Quantitative Data Qualitative data approaches regional and cultural aspects, examples are texts, artwork, old maps, empirical obervations, interviews, etc. Quantitative data uses mathmatics and numbers to interpert economics, political geography, population geography, etc.

Idiographic and Nomotheitic Idiographic refers to facts or features unique to a particular place or region, examples history or ethnic composition Nomotheitic applies universally

Applications Climatologists have been able to discover global warming Ability to predict population patterns and migration