Reform of Public Service System in Japan MATSUMOTO, Hironori Headquarters of Administrative Reform The Japanese Government

Type and Number of Public Personnel in Japan Ministers, Parliamentary Vice-ministers, Ambassadors(400) Judges, Court officials (26,000) Diet officials (4,000) Self-defense personnel(271,000) Some of Independent administrative Agencies Executives(40) Desk working national public service personnel (296,000) Public prosecutors (3,000) Government enterprises (Forestry) personnel(5,000) Some of Independent Administrative Agencies Personnel (58,000) National Public Service Personnel 662,000 Special service 301,000 Regular service 361,000 Public Service Personnel 3,614,000 Local Public Service Personnel 2,951,000 (Note) The number of the national public service personnel is based on the fixed number of personnel for the budget at the end of the 2008 fiscal year.

2 basic laws pillars ① The amendment of National Public Service Law(July 2007) ⅰ Fair post-retirement employment of retired officials ⅱ Promoting personnel management based on competency and performance ② The Fundamental Law of Reform of National Public Service(June2008) ⅲ Centralization of Senior Civil Services management ⅳ Correction of favored treatment of certain officials ⅴ Autonomous labor management relations

ⅰ Fair post-retirement employment of retired officials 【 Points 】 ・ Retired officials are often employed by the related business circles after the retirement from the public services. ・ Inappropriate relationship between the public sector and the private sector. 【 Measures 】 The regulations on the aged officials and retired officials ① Prohibition of inappropriate approaches from retired officials to currently employed officials ② Prohibition of job hunting for aged officials related to the business circles they are involved in ③ Centralization of job placement for retired officials instead of that by each ministry as was previously done

ⅱ Promoting personnel management based on competency and performance 【 Points 】 ・ Promotion of public officials is in practice based on the length of years in public service. ⇒ The seniority system 【 Measures 】 ・ Promotion based on competency and performance ・ The establishment of fair and transparent personnel evaluation system.

ⅲ Centralization of Senior Civil Services management 【 Points 】 ・ The authorities of human resource management are divided to each Minister. ⇒ Sectionalism of Ministries 【 Measures 】 ・ Establishment of the Cabinet Personnel Bureau (CPB) ・ CPB advices job placement of SCS to Minister. ・ CPB will screen candidates for SCS.

ⅳ Correction of favored treatment of certain officials 【 Points 】 ・ Officials who passed Higher Civil Service Examination at the entrance of public service are treated too favorably. ・ They are also treated equally nevertheless their competencies are various. ⇒ Entrance Examination determines the treatments 【 Measures 】 ・ Employment examination will be totally reformed. ・ The special career developing courses opened for every highly-motivated and capable officials

ⅴ Autonomous labor management relations 【 Points 】 ・ Fundamental Labor Rights for civil servants are partly restricted in Japan. Right to organizeRight to conclude a collective agreement Right to strike National Public service personnel Regular service Non-fieldwork personnel ✔ (Police service personnel, Maritime Safety personnel, Prison personnel, Entry guards- not) Fieldwork Personnel ✔✔ Special service Court officials, Diet officials ✔ Self-defense Officials

ⅴ Autonomous labor management relations 【 Measures 】 ・ The Government should present benefits and costs of expanding the range of officials who have rights to conclude collective agreement on the labor conditions.