The Nervous System zMajor division - Central vs. Peripheral zCentral or CNS- brain and spinal cord zPeripheral- nerves connecting CNS to muscles and organs.

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The Nervous System Major division - Central vs. Peripheral
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The Nervous System zMajor division - Central vs. Peripheral zCentral or CNS- brain and spinal cord zPeripheral- nerves connecting CNS to muscles and organs Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System

z3 kinds of neurons connect CNS to the body ysensory ymotor yinterneurons zMotor - CNS to muscles and organs zSensory - sensory receptors to CNS zInterneurons: Connections Within CNS Spinal Cord Brain Nerves

Peripheral Nervous System Skeletal (Somatic) SympatheticParasympathetic Autonomic Peripheral Nervous System

Autonomic System zTwo divisions: ysympathetic yParasympatheitic zControl involuntary functions yheartbeat yblood pressure yrespiration yperspiration ydigestion zCan be influenced by thought and emotion

Sympathetic z“ Fight or flight” response zRelease adrenaline and noradrenaline zIncreases heart rate and blood pressure zIncreases blood flow to skeletal muscles zInhibits digestive functions CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Brain Spinal cord SYMPATHETIC Dilates pupil Stimulates salivation Relaxes bronchi Accelerates heartbeat Inhibits activity Stimulates glucose Secretion of adrenaline, nonadrenaline Relaxes bladder Stimulates ejaculation in male Sympathetic ganglia Salivary glands Lungs Heart Stomach Pancreas Liver Adrenal gland Kidney

Parasympathetic z“ Rest and digest ” system zCalms body to conserve and maintain energy zLowers heartbeat, breathing rate, blood pressure CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Brain PARASYMPATHETIC Spinal cord Stimulates salivation Constricts bronchi Slows heartbeat Stimulates activity Contracts bladder Stimulates erection of sex organs Stimulates gallbladder Gallbladder Contracts pupil

Summary of autonomic differences Autonomic nervous system controls physiological arousal Sympathetic division (arousing) Parasympathetic division (calming) Pupils dilate EYES Pupils contract Decreases SALiVATION Increases Perspires SKIN Dries Increases RESPERATION Decreases Accelerates HEART Slows Inhibits DIGESTION Activates Secrete stress hormones ADRENAL GLANDS Decrease secretion of stress hormones

The Nervous System: Summary zMajor structures of the nervous yCNS, Somatic, Autonomic yTwo hemispheres & 4 lobes zOrganization yprimary sensory areas ymotor areas Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System

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