LANGUAGE, ACTION, BEWILDERMENT! PROBLEMS OF IDENTITY AND RESEARCH STRATEGY Martyn Hammersley The Open University.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Qualitative methods - conversation analysis
Advertisements

REVIEW OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH AND PRINCIPLES OF QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS SCWK 242 – SESSION 2 SLIDES.
Presented By Hilario Lomeli with a lot of insight from Joe Valente and Kim Powell ETHNOGRAPHY.
Introduction to Linguistics for lawyers
Interrogating the Quantitative-Qualitative Divide Martyn Hammersley The Open University NCRM Research Methods Festival, St Catherine’s College, Oxford,
A Student’s Guide to Methodology Justifying Enquiry 3 rd edition P ETER C LOUGH AND C ATHY N UTBROWN.
Publishing qualitative studies H Maisonneuve April 2015 Edinburgh, Scotland.
CSCW – Evaluation P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova Evaluation & Exam.
DIGITAL CULTURE AND SOCIOLOGY session 3 – Susana Tosca Representation: Meanings and Symbols Digital Culture and Sociology.
Constructivism Constructivism — particularly in its "social" forms — suggests that the learner is much more actively involved in a joint enterprise with.
Turn to DISCOURSE and DISCOURSE ANALYSIS What is Discourse? Why is Discourse central to Psychology? Exercises First/Introductory Class on Discourse.
Qualitative Paradigm: Phenomenology, Case Studies & Etnography
Research in Language Learning and Teaching Short introduction to research and its planning.
Norm Theory and Descriptive Translation Studies
Chapter 17 Ethnographic Research Gay, Mills, and Airasian
Qualitative Research Richard Peacock, Clinical Librarian
Slide 10.1 Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5 th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009.
6 th semester Course Instructor: Kia Karavas.  What is educational evaluation? Why, what and how can we evaluate? How do we evaluate student learning?
Jack C Richards Professional Development for Language Teachers: Strategies for Teacher Learning Jack C Richards & Thomas.
1. Human – the end-user of a program – the others in the organization Computer – the machine the program runs on – often split between clients & servers.
Ethnography and Observational Methods Hayley Davies DEPS, October 2013.
Chapter 3 Researching the Social World Copyright 2012, SAGE Publications, Inc.
Social Text Analysis.
Discourse in Activity and Activity as Discourse A companion to Chapter 11 by Shawn Rowe From the companion website for Rogers, R. (2011). An Introduction.
WHAT IS QUALITATIVE RESEARCH? Martyn Hammersley The Open University University of Southampton, January 2012.
Qualitative Research Points for Beginners.
BERA Conference 2014 Utilizing ‘The Listening Guide’ within institutional ethnography: a reflexive effort to avoid ‘institutional capture’ and ‘privileged.
WHAT IS QUALITATIVE INQUIRY? Martyn Hammersley The Open University NCRM Research Methods Festival, St Catherine’s College, Oxford, July 2010.
Slide 1 LING – Sociolinguistics – Spring 2011 Wardhaugh Ch 1 Discuss calendar, readings.
B 203: Qualitative Research Techniques Interpretivism Symbolic Interaction Hermeneutics.
Learning Contracts Brockett, R.G., & Hiemstra, R. (1991). Self- direction in adult learning: Perspectives on theory, research, and practice.
Overview of Discourse Analysis 1. Pragmatics and Politeness Theory ( ) 2. Ethnography of Speaking ( ) 3. Interactional Sociolinguistics ( )
Studies in language & capitalisim Critical discourse analysis: History, ideology and methodology.
Diary Studies 1. Defining Diary Studies A diary study is a first-person account of a language learning and teaching experience,
Interpretative Theories BASIC IDEAS The social world is a world made up of purposeful actors who acquire, share, and interpret a set of meanings, rules,
CCT300 – Critical Analysis of Media CCT300 – Labs New media genres Week 3.
Research Methods Chapter 9 Qualitative Methods. A Few Comments Influenced by anthropologists who did field work Generally uses the following methods:
Ethnography, Ethnomethodology, and ANT Brad King Design and Methodology in Communication Research Fall
DISCOURSES: CONVERSATIONS, NARRATIVES AND AUTOBIOGRAPHIES AS TEXTS © LOUIS COHEN, LAWRENCE MANION & KEITH MORRISON.
CHAPTER 17 Focus Groups. What is a focus group? Focus groups involve a facilitated discussion between members, focused on a topic or area specified by.
Conversation Analysis Introduction to Conversation Analysis 2e Anthony J. Liddicoat, March 2011.
เอกสารประกอบการเรียน Methods of Social Science Research และ Sociological Theory Paradigms and Methods.
Discourse and Pragmatics Week 2 What is Discourse?
Using Conversation Analysis in Health-related Research Elizabeth Boyd, Ph.D. EPI 240: Qualitative Research Methods 5/4/2006.
Language, Ideology and Power Lecture 1: Language, Discourse and CDA (Critical Discourse Analysis)
© (2015, 2012, 2008) by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Chapter 7: Collecting Qualitative Data Educational Research: Planning, Conducting,
Chapter 13: Grounded Theory Designs
Effective Public Speaking Chapter # 1 The Academic Study of Public Speaking.
Chapter 10 Qualitative Field Research Key Terms. Naturalism Approach to field research based on the assumption that an objective social reality exists.
Chapter 10 Qualitative Field Research Key Terms. Naturalism Approach to field research based on the assumption that an objective social reality exists.
Case Study What is case study? An investigation of phenomenon in a bounded context A qualitative approach to answer and explain any problem specifically.
Discourse Analysis Before giving a simplistic definition of "discourse analysis ", it is expedient to look at some definitions and quotations from well.
Research Methods Linguistic Ethnography Fiona Copland
Grounded theory, discourse analysis and hermeneutics Part Two – Discourse Analysis ERPM001 Interpretive Methodologies Dr Alexandra Allan.
COMP6043 w6 interviews COMP6043 Week 6 Interviews November 2009 Dr Su White.
Language & Social Interaction (LSI) An Internationally Prominent Subfield of Communication Karen Tracy, University of Colorado, USA.
What is Ethnography? Martyn Hammersley The Open University NCRM Research Methods Festival 2008.
EXPERIENCE REASONING RESEARCH DEDUCTIVE AND INDUCTIVE REASONING Deductive Reasoning (Top-Down Approach) Deductive reasoning works from the more general.
Organizing, Analyzing, & Interpreting Data
Culture, Discourse and Meaning Presentation
Researching the Social World
Qualitative Analysis Martyn Hammersley
By Damien Givry & Wolff-Michael Roth Research group:
Sociological Research
Dr. Alia Mitchell, PFHEA Vice Dean, College of Humanities
The Ethnography of Communication ( EC )
Naturalistic Observation
Jewitt, C. (2014). The Routledge Handbook of Multimodal Analysis
Discourse Analysis.
Types of interview used in research
Presentation transcript:

LANGUAGE, ACTION, BEWILDERMENT! PROBLEMS OF IDENTITY AND RESEARCH STRATEGY Martyn Hammersley The Open University

The Case of Linguistic Ethnography Linguistic versus what? Ethnography versus what? Linguistic ethnography versus a Vygotskian sociocultural approach? Linguistic ethnography versus discursive psychology? Linguistic ethnography versus conversation analysis? Linguistic ethnography versus critical discourse analysis?

Obscure Language: Garfinkel ‘Chapters One to Nine […] bring out from a background of textual foliage that is their source in tub files of documents, central practices of EM’s program as the program’s incessant concerns with a recurrent figure in that foliage, namely, procedures of order production specified as members’ methods. Members’ methods in accountable specifics of instructed actions display a fourth orderliness.’ (Ethnomethodology’s Program, 2002,p69)

Obscure Language: Foucault ‘Of course, discourses are composed of signs; but what they do is more than use these signs to designate things. It is this more that renders them irreducible to the language (langue) and to speech. It is this “more” that we must reveal and describe’ (The Archaeology of Knowledge, p49)

Identity as substantial self In Social Identity, the anthropologist Richard Jenkins defines ‘self ’ or 'identity' as: ‘each individual’s reflexive sense of her or his own particular identity, constituted vis-a-vis others in terms of similarity and difference, without which we would not know who we are and hence would not be able to act’ (Jenkins, 1996: 29–30)

Identity as discursively formulated ‘Sacks’ general concern was with how conversational participants use descriptive categories of this kind [identity categories], and apply membership criteria, as a way of performing various kinds of discursive actions. His approach contrasts with how such categories figure in other kinds of social science, as analysts’ categories of people, according to which the analyst offers explanations of what they do, of what they say, and how they think’ (Edwards in Antaki and Widdicombe 1998, p15)

Two Conflicting Proposals and Two Dilemmas The paradigmatic attitude: stick to your principles! The pragmatic attitude: do what’s fit for purpose! »Dogmatism Versus Scepticism. »Purism Versus Expediency.

Some questions 1.Can fieldnotes be a legitimate form of data? 2.Can interviews be an acceptable source of data? 3.What is context? 4.Should the focus of analysis be on discursive practices, social strategies, or institutional facts? 5.Should analysts attribute identities, intentions, etc? 6.How self conscious must we be about our own language use as analysts?

Fieldnotes and Transcripts Must we always have electronic recordings, or can we rely upon fieldnotes? What sort of recordings do we need: an audio recording machine placed in the corner of the room or all the participants miked up? Should we use video recordings? Do we always have to transcribe recordings? And, if we do, must these transcriptions include the sort of detail that is to be found in the transcripts used by many linguists and conversation analysts?

A View from Ethnomethodological Conversation Analysis ‘Of course, visual data has various analytic affordances and limitations, but ethnomethodological studies of situated action now regularly, though not necessarily, use these forms of data capture. One reason for this is that reliance on purely audio accounts is of limited use for the multi-modal description of interaction in face-to-face interactions and/or [to study] the use of technologies and artefacts’ (Jenkings 2009, pp778-9)

Beware of Angry Sociologist!

References Edwards,D. (1998) ‘The relevant thing about her: Social identity categories in use’, in Antaki C. and Widdicombe, S. (eds.) Identities in Interaction, London, Sage. Foucault, M. (1972) The Archaeology of Knowledge, London, Tavistock. Garfinkel, H. (2002) Ethnomethodology’s Program, Lanham MD, Rowman and Littlefield. Hammersley, M (1980) 'Putting Competence into Action' in MacLure, M. and French P. (eds.) Adult-Child Conversation, Croom Helm, pp [Reprinted in Hammersley (ed.) (1986) Controversies in Classroom Research, Buckingham, Open University Press.] Hammersley, M. (2003) ‘Conversation analysis and discourse analysis: methods or paradigms?’, Discourse and Society, 14, 6, pp Hammersley, M. and Gomm, R. (2005) ‘Recent radical criticism of the interview in qualitative inquiry’. In Holborn, M. and Haralambos, M. (eds.) Developments in Sociology, Volume 20, Ormskirk, Causeway Press/Edinburgh, Pearson Education, [Reprinted in Hammersley, (2008) Questioning Qualitative Inquiry, London, Sage.] Hammersley, M. and Treseder,P. (2007) ‘Identity as an analytic problem: who’s who in “pro-ana” web- sites?’, Qualitative Research, 7, 3, pp Jenkings N. (2009) ‘Studies in and as ethnomethodology: Garfinkel and his ethnomethodological “bastards” part 2’, Sociology, 43, 4, pp Jenkins, R. (1996) Social Identity, London, Routledge. Potter, J. & Hepburn, A. (2005) ‘Qualitative interviews in psychology: problems and possibilities’, Qualitative Research in Psychology, 2,