Understanding our wetlands. Newberry Hill Heritage Park Understanding our wetlands.

Our kitsap Heritage Cheap timberland Worthless land Seized for non payment of taxes Managed for lumber production by the state Monoculture Taxes on timber sales used to build schools Local jobs Reduces tax burden The Trident Boom Rapid Rural/Urban development

What our PARK wetlands do Chico Creek washed out Provide flood storage areas Peak flow reduction Provide late summer stream flow Reduce pollution Recharge aquifer Provide habitat for fish and wildlife Breeding Nesting Feeding Migrating Provide recreation, education and research opportunities What our PARK wetlands do

What our PARK wetlands do Recreation in the park A few or our park users MT Biking, Hiking, Jogging, Bird and Wildlife viewing, Horseback Riding, Geocaching and other low impact uses (No hunting, fishing or motorized vehicles allowed) Re-Creation in the park Our recreational users are well represented at our meetings, who speaks for the trees. What our PARK wetlands do

Habitat types found in our park Water, water, water Lentic (standing water, lake or pond) Lotic (moving water, stream or river) Marsh (emerged hydrophilic macrophytes) Many category IV wetlands Standing dead timber Open meadow Monoculture thickets Cascara Madrone Evergreen Huck Salal Salmonberry Upland forest Ground cover

lentic Habitats within habitats Pelagic Littoral Pelagic vs limnetic due to depth, there is no hypolimnion. In this water littoral macrophytes and benthic algae are primary producers. Photosynthesis.

Lotic sinuosity Abiotic Factors Biotic Factors Flow Temperature Light Chemistry Biotic Factors Bacteria Algae sinuosity Water flow is the key factor in lotic systems influencing their ecology. Rate of flow can vary between systems, ranging from torrential rapids to slow backwaters. The speed of the water flow can also vary within a system. It is typically based on variability of friction with the bottom or sides of the channel, sinuosity, obstructions, and the incline gradient. In addition, the amount of water input into the system from direct precipitation and/or groundwater can affect flow. Flowing waters can alter the shape of the streambed through erosion and deposition, creating a variety of habitats, including riffles

Marsh Eutrophication cultural Well nourished, What goes into the lake stays in the lake. cultural

Woodland meadow Raptors hunt along the ecotone ecotone

standing dead timber Nesting and food for the birds

Upland forest Secondary succession Secondary succession

Benevolent monoculture Arbutus thicket Habitat fragmentation fragmentation

The understory Evergreen Huckleberry Red Huckleberry Trailing blackberries Trailing strawberries Indian Plum Nootka and Bald Hip rose Red and Black Current Lots more you name some

Altered habitat Early logging practices were harmful Logging roads Water temperature vs canopy removal LWD absent Accelerated silt loading Our presence Road impounded wetlands Invasive species Non native species Cultural values

The Beavers role in the wetlands

Castor Canadensis Keystone Species Create wetlands Improve riparian habitat (coppicing) Only humans alter habitat more than beavers

Beaver lodge New wetlands under construction Always changing

Heritage Site beaver dam

We have met the enemy….it is us A few items

riparian “everything is connected” All in common

Litter in the riparian zone As little as 1 ppm can kill fish eggs. Two of these were within 10 feet of Little Anderson Creek 1 ppm

Legacy dump site debris Debris from the 1970’s removed from the park

Our heritage, our future Cup in Potomac River, Sign in Old Mill Park Silverdale