Explosive - взрывчатое вещество Amassed – накопил Considerable – значительный, большой Ponder – обдумывать Prompted – побуждать Obituary – некролог Bequeathed - завещать

Alfred Nobel was born in the family of Emmanuel and Andrietta Nobel. He was the third son in a family of eight children, but survived, in addition to Alfred only three more. In early autumn 1842 Nobel’s family moved to St. Petersburg, where Alfred’s father started to work in creating of torpedoes. In 1849 Russian chemist Nikolai Zinin adviced his father to sent his son to study in Europe and America. The following spring, a sixteen-year Alfred Nobel left St.Petersburg.

He visited Denmark, Germany, Italy, France and then America. Overseas trip took about two years. When Nobel returned to Russia, he engaged started to work on family factories, performing military orders for the Russian army. Alfred was forced to return to Sweden with his father because of the bankruptcy of the family business. He devoted himself to the study of explosives, especially the safe production and use of nitroglycerin, that was opened in 1846 by Ascanio Sobrero.

In 1868, the Nobel was awarded a patent for dynamite. He conducted a public demonstration of the new explosive and lectured about how it worked. As a result of the invention more and more people began to show interest to Alfred Nobel. From the production of dynamite and other explosives, the development of oil fields of Baku, Alfred Nobel amassed a considerable fortune.

In 1888, Alfred Nobel read in a French newspaper own obituary called "Merchant of Death is dead“. It was published by mistake reporters. The article prompted Nobel ponder how it will be remembered humanity. He decided to change his will.

On 10 December 1896 Alfred Nobel died in his villa in San Remo, Italy, from a brain hemorrhage. He was 63 years old. He was buried in Stockholm. He bequeathed his vast fortune to the establishment of an award. Now it’s called The Nobel Prize.

The Nobel Prize presents every year to the outstanding persons in physics, chemistry, physiology and medicine, literature and promoting world peace. The presenting ceremony is held in Stockholm’s town hall.

The activities of Alfred Nobel as a playwright - one of the lesser-known facts of his biography. His only play, "Nemesis," four-act tragedy in prose about Beatrice Cenci, was written when he was dying. The entire edition was published in Paris in 1896 and was destroyed immediately after his death. Survived only three instances. First edition was published in Sweden in 2003, and in 2005 in Stockholm, the day of death of the scientist premiere.

The chemical element nobelium is named in honor of Alfred Nobel. Institute of Physical Chemistry in Stockholm and the University of Dnepropetrovsk were named in honor of the Nobel.

Where was Nobel born? In what disciplines does the Nobel Prize present? How did Nobel go down the history?

Thank you for your attention! Teacher: Puchkova Elena Pavlovna Vinogradova Ann form 9 «A»